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Digitized by the Internet Archive 
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http://www. archive.org/details/advancedlatincom0Onutt 


ADVANCED 


LATIN COMPOSITION 


BY 


H. C. NUTTING, Pu.D. 


ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF LATIN IN THE UNIVERSITY 
OF CALIFORNIA 


Boston 
ALLYN “AN? BACON 
1904 


COPYRIGHT, 1904, 
BY H. C. NUTTING. 


Norwood JBress 
J. 8. Cushing & Co. — Berwick & Smith Co, 
Norwood, Mass., U.S.A. 


R. MR, 


PA 
DOd] 


PREFACE. 


—~oe—— 


Turis book is divided into three parts, each of which 
provides material for a one-hour course throughout 
the year. The exercises are based upon outlying 
parts of Caesar and Cicero, unfamiliar to students in 
the earlier part of their college course. 

Parts I and IT are designed specially for freshman 
work. They both cover practically the same ground, 
thus making it possible to use the book in successive 
years without employing the same exercise twice. 
In preparing the passages for translation into Latin 
two ends have been kept in view: first, to test the 
student’s knowledge of forms and syntax at the places 
where data collected from the work of successive 
classes has shown the freshman student to be weak; 
and, second, to illustrate a few of the finer points 
of composition which cannot be adequately treated in 
the preparatory school. This latter feature renders 
the footnotes necessarily rather bulky. The exercises 
are arranged in a careful sequence, and should be used 
in the order in which they stand to secure the most 
satisfactory results. 

Part III provides suitable work for students who 
have completed either Part I or Part II. In it the 


ili 


~c098D 


lv Preface 


exercises are longer and more difficult, and the notes 
give less direct help. 

For several valuable suggestions and for assist- 
ance in reading the proofs, | am deeply indebted to 
Professor W. A. Merrill, Dr. J. W. Basore, Dr. C. J. 


’Connor, and Miss Mary E. McGrew. 


H. C. NUTTING. 


BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA, 
November, 1904. 





In grammatical references the following abbreviations are 


used :— 

B. Bennett. 

A. Allen & Greenough; references to the edition of 1903 are 
added in parentheses. 

G. Gildersleeve-Lodge. 

H. Harkness (Complete Edition), 


PART I. 


— ¢— 


EXERCISE 1. 


Autronius often came to me urging! me, with many 
tears, to take his case,” and recalled the fact * that he had 
been my‘ fellow-pupil in boyhood and my colleague 
in the quaestorship. By this®I was so moved that I 
no longer remembered the plots he had made against 
me,° and almost forgot that it was’ by him that Gaius 
Cornelius was sent to murder me in my own house, in 
the sight of my wife and children. If he had made 
these plans with reference to me alone, I should never ® 





1 supplex. 

2 defendere. 

8 Omit. 

4 Meus, tuus, suus, etc., are not to be used as frequently as 
the corresponding words in English. If added to make the 
reference clear, they may follow their noun. But where there 
is a sharp antithesis, they should stand first; we often mark 
such antithesis by ‘‘ own,’’ e.g. ‘* my own.”? 

5In a new sentence Latin often resumes with a relative, 
though we regularly use a demonstrative, as here. If the word 
belongs to a subordinate clause of the new sentence, it precedes 
the conjunction, e.g. Quae cum ita sint. 

6 Dative. 

7 This device in English serves the same purpose as emphatic 
position in Latin. 

8 Distinguish between the singular and the plural of aedes. 

9 Numquam or nusquam ? 

3 


4 Latin Composition — Part I. 


have resisted his” tears and prayers. But when I 
thought of the fatherland, of " this city, of the shrines 
and temples, and when there began ” to float before my 
eyes weapons, slaughter, the gore of citizens, and the ° 
ashes of our state, then at length I did resist not him 
alone, but also his relatives the Marcelli senior and 
junior,” to’ whom I was most closely bound” by ties 
of friendship, and of whom one had with me the in- 
fluence’ of a father, the other the power of persuasion ” 
of a son. 


10 A demonstrative pronoun should in general precede its 
noun. 

11 Cum may be repeated with each clause. 

22 Not the perfect of incipere ; see Vocabulary. 

18 pater et filius. 

1¢ Lit. with. 

15 maxime contunctus. 

16 gravitas. 

17 suavitas. 


Latin Composition— Part I. 5 


EXERCISE 2. 


Caesar himself on foot hurried around among his 
soldiers, and by calling to mind the virtues and battles 
of the veterans he excited their courage; at the same 
time he urged the new soldiers who had never fought 
in an engagement to emulate the valor of the veterans 
and, by gaining a victory, to secure a like glory and 
name. While making the rounds of the army,’ he 
noticed that the enemy were in confusion near thezr 
fortification, and that in fear they were running hither 
and thither, at one moment?” going® within the gates, at 
the next? coming forth in an undecided way.*’ When 
the same fact ® began ° to be noted by many, the lieuten- 
ants earnestly begged Caesar not to hesitate’ to give 
the signal; for (they said) victory was assured * them 
by the immortal gods. While® Caesar was hesitating 
and resisting their entreaties, suddenly without his 
order the trumpeter began to sound on the right wing,” 
forced to do so by the soldiers. Thereupon the stand- 
ards of all the cohorts were advanced against the 
enemy, while the centurions tried to restrain the sol- 
diers and yet accomplished nothing.” 





1 Use a phrase introduced by in; gerund or gerundive? B. 
339; A. 296 (503) ; G. 427; H. 623. 1. 

2qj2odo. * A coordinate clause. +4 inconstanter. ® Omit. 

6 With a passive infinitive coepi should itself be made passive. 

7 Distinguish between dubitare with the infinitive and non 
dubitare quin with the subjunctive. 

8 portendere. 9 dum. 

10 Model the phrase on a tergo, ‘‘in the rear.”’ 

11 When of two coérdinate clauses the second is negative, 
Latin prefers to unite the negative with the connective ; thus, 
neque instead of et... non. See B. 341. 1. dand2.d; A. 
209. b (828) ; G. 446; H. 656. 4 and 5. 


6 Latin Composition — Part Ve 


EXERCISE 3. 


It is the custom of the natives of Africa to have in 
almost every village caves for’ the storing of grain, 
which they gather through fear of the sudden arrival 
of an enemy. Informed of this fact by a spy,’ at the 
third watch Caesar sent two legions from the camp a 
distance of *ten miles * to plunder the caves of the near- 
est town ; and from thence he secured a great amount ® 
of grain. When this became known, Labienus hurried 
forward® with a great force of* cavalry and made an 
ambuscade, daily’ expecting that Caesar would again 
send by the same road® to secure grain. In the mean- 
time Caesar was informed by refugees of the ambuscade 
of Labienus, and delaying where* he was a few days 
until the enemy should be thrown off their guard,’ he 
suddenly gave orders in the early morning for three 
veteran legions and a part of the cavalry to follow 
him by way of* the decuman gate, and killed about 
five hundred” of the enemy and put the rest" to 
flight.” 








1 gratia. For the position of this word and cause, see B. 
198.1; A. 245. ¢ (404. c); G. 373. rR. 1; H. 475. 2. 

2 index. 

3 Omit. 

4 Milia is noun, mille usually adjective. 

5 numerus. 

§ celeriter progredi. 

7 Distinguish between cotidie and in dies. 

8 Remember that quo almost always means ‘‘ whither,’’ not 
‘Cwhere’’; cf. eo, ‘‘ thither.” 

Sin neglegentiam adduct. 

10 Ablative absolute. 

Ul Alii, ceteri, or reliqui ? 

2 Distinguish fugare and fugere. 


Latin Composition — Part I. v4 
ip 


EXERCISE 4. 


The letter which Caesar entrusted to a Gaul to carry 
to Cicero’s camp was written in Greek, in order that 
if it were intercepted our plans? might not be learned 
by the enemy. He gave the man directions that if he 
could not enter the camp without exciting’ suspicion, 
he should attach the letter to an arrow and send it 
over”? within the fortifications. And so, fearing the 
danger, the Gaul shot the arrow as he had been 
directed. This by chance stuck in a tower and was 
not noticed by our men until the third day, when the 
letter was taken down and carried to Cicero. When 
the soldiers* learned from him that Caesar was ap- 
proaching they were filled with the greatest joy, and 
soon the smoke of fires was seen’ in the distance —a 
thing® which dispelled all doubt of the approach of 
the legions. The Gauls meanwhile, informed of these 
facts by scouts, gave up the siege of Cicero’s camp and 
hastened with all their forces to oppose* Caesar. 





1 Concilium or consilium ? 

2 Omit. 

3 Impersonal. 

4 When the same person or thing is referred to in both the 
main and the subordinate clause, this subject of discourse should 
be placed first, with the subordinate clause immediately follow- 
ing. This arrangement makes the subject of discourse a part of 
the main clause ; e.g. Romani, cum venissent. castra posuerunt. 
The English usage is different, ‘‘ When the Romans came, they 
pitched a camp.”’ 

5 Imperfect tense. 

6 The antecedent, being an appositive, should be incorporated 
in the relative clause; B. 251. 4. b; A. 201. d (807. e); G. 616. 
Po Ge lal BEES (ae 


8 Latin Composition — Part I. 


EXERCISE 5. 


But the Treviri allowed no time of the whole? winter 
to pass without? sending messengers across the Rhine, 
rousing the states and* promising money, saying * that 
the greater part of our army had been destroyed.’ 
And yet no state of the Germans could be persuaded 
to cross the Rhine; for they said that they had twice 
made the attempt, and would not try fortune further. 
Disappointed ® in this hope, Indutiomarus, leader of 
the Treviri, none the less began to gather forces and 
to entice to himself exiles and condemned criminals? 
throughout all of Gauls And by these measures he 
had now won such influence that embassies hastened 
to him on every side. When he saw that forces would 
not be lacking if he commenced to advance from his 
territory, he called an armed council® in which” he 
announced that he would attack the camp of Labienus. 
He then made known" what he wished done. 





1 tutus. 2 quin. 

3 Of three or more cobrdinate words or phrases (unless nega- 
tive), the last only is commonly written with a connective (-que). 
Less often et is used with each added word or phrase (polysyn- 
deton), or connectives are omitted altogether (asyndeton). 

4 The nominative of the present participle is to be sparingly 
used. In its place a clause introduced by cum or dum may 
sometimes be employed; A. 290. c. n (492. n); G. 585. R. ; H. 
640. 5. When the English present participle is used loosely of 
action that is really antecedent, the perfect participle affords an 
exact translation if the verb be deponent. (Such perfect parti- 
ciples are sometimes used when the action is not really antece- 
dent ; B.336.5; A.290.b (491) ; G. 282. n; H. 640.1.) Finally, a 
coordinate clause will often translate well the English present par- 
ticiple. 5 Perire supplies a passive for perdere. 6 lapsus. 

7 Omit. 8 B. 228. b; A. 258. f. 2 (429. 2) ; G. 388 ; H. 485. 2. 

9 See Exercise 4, note 1. 10 Use adverb. ll praecipere. 





Latin Composition = Part TI: 9 


EXERCISE 6. 


But when Pompey saw his cavalry repulsed and the 
part of the army which he most trusted terrified, los- 
ing confidence also in the others he withdrew from the 
line of battle and at once hastened’ to camp on horse- 
back, where he shouted? to the centurions whom he 
had placed on guard at the praetorian gate, “ Protect 
the camp. I will make the round of the other gates 
and return ® after strengthening the guards.” Having 
done this, he betook himself to the praetorium, there 
to await the outcome. In the meantime, thinking that 
no opportunity * should be given the Pompeians of re- 
covering their courage, Caesar urged his soldiers to 
accept” the favor of Fortune and assail the camp. 
And they, though exhausted by the extreme heat, — 
for the engagement ® had been protracted until midday, 
—nevertheless with hearts ready’ for any effort cheer- 
fully obeyed him. And the enemy, who had taken 
their stand upon the fortification, were unable to resist 
the shower® of missiles, but® following the lead of” 
the centurions and tribunes fled to the highest moun- 
tains. 





1 se conferre. 

2 Inquam is the verb most used with direct quotations. It 
translates many English verbs, such as say, exclaim (not excla- 
mare), shout, ery, respond (sometimes respondere), etc. It is 
almost without exception parenthetical, coming after one or 
more words of the quotation. If the subject of the verb is to be 
expressed, it should precede the quotation or follow inguam in 
the parenthesis. 

3 Distinguish between reddere and redire. 

£ spatium. 8 res. 8 multitudo. 

5 uti. 7 animo paratus. 9 et. 

10 Lit. using (as) leaders. 


10 Latin Composition — Part I. 


EXERCISE 7. 


Gaius Coponius, a man of valor and learning’ who 
was in command of the Rhodian ? fleet, came to Cicero 
at Dyrrachium,* saying that a certain rower had pre- 
dicted that in less than? thirty days Greece would be 
steeped ® in blood, that there would be plundering and 
a mighty conflagration at Dyrrachium, and that the 
Rhodian? fleet would return home. Then Cicero be- 
came alarmed, and Mareus Varro and Cato, though ® 
brave men, were not undisturbed.’ And as a matter 
of fact,® a few days later Labienus arrived from the 
rout at Pharsalia®; and when he had announced the 
destruction of the army, the rest’ of the prophecy 
was quickly fulfilled. For grain plundered from the 
store-houses strewed all the streets, and the Romans, 
filled with a sudden terror," embarked on their ships 
and sailed away, looking back on the blazing town 
where the soldiers, who did not wish” to follow, were 
burning the transports. When last of all they were 
deserted by the Rhodians, they realized” that the 
rower had spoken the truth.” 





1 Consult carefully B. 203; A. 215 (845) ; G. 365; H. 440. 3. 

2 Lit. of the Rhodians. 

8 After a verb of motion the proper construction must be used, 
even though the idea of limit of motion has already been ex- 
pressed in the sentence; B. 182. 2.b; A. 259. h (428. j); G. 
Be yloany 6) 9, leloed titer, Ile 

4B) 217. 3; A. 247.¢ (407. c); G. 296m. 4; Hains 

5 madefacere. What are the peculiarities of form of the 


future passive infinitive ? 6 Omit. 
7 aequo animo esse. ®revera. ® Pharsalius (adjective). 
10 Lit. the remaining (parts). ll subito perterritus metu. 


12 What relation is there between burning the transports and 
not wishing to follow ? 18 sentire. 14 vates verus esse. 





| 
' 
| 


Latin Composition— Part I. ala! 


EXERCISE 8. 


Then Labienus, depreciating the forces of Caesar, 
said, “ Do not think, Pompey, that this army which 
Caesar now has is the one which conquered Gaul and 
Germany. I was present in all those battles, and am 
not speaking rashly of a thing of which I am ignorant.! 
A very small part of that army is left; the greater 
part has been destroyed in battle, the fever? of autumn 
has consumed many, and many have scattered to their 
homes. These forces which you see have been re- 
cruited in Hither Gaul, and many of the soldiers are 
from the colonies beyond the Po.”*® After saying this, 
he swore that he would not return to camp except‘ 
(as) victor, and urged the rest to do likewise. Pom- 
pey was pleased, and took the same oath; and in fact 
there was no one who hesitated to swear. When this 
had been done® they separated with great hope and en- 
thusiasm, and were already taking victory for granted? 
because they thought that they could rightly trust so ® 
skilful a commander. 


1 rem incognitam pronuntiare. 

2 nestilentia. 

8 Transpadanus. 

£ nisi. 5 idem. 

6 With cwm antecedence of action is carefully indicated by 
tense. With postquam, ubi, and similar words, the tense use is 
much less exact, the perfect and historical present being most 
used. A like inexactness is common in English; thus, above 
we might read, ‘‘ When this was done,’’? without change of 
sense. See B. 287; A. 324 (548) ; G. 561; H. 602. 

‘ animo praecipere. 

& Tam indicates degree, and hence should be used to modify 
adjectives and adverbs. Jta and sic (usually denoting manner) 
are best restricted to use with verbs. 


12 Latin Composition — Part i 


EXERCISE Q. 


. 


When this arrangement had been made, Curio was 
informed by certain refugees that King Juba had been 
recalled by a war with his neighbors,’ and that his 
general Saburra had been sent ahead with moderate 
forces and was now approaching Utica. Rashly trust- 
ing these messengers, he changed his plan and decided 
to risk an engagement.” To the adoption of this 
course® he was impelled* by his youth, his courage, 
and the confidence of success.’ And so early ® in the 
evening he sent all his cavalry toward the camp of 
the enemy at the river Bagrada, where Saburra, of 
whom I have just made mention, was in command. 
But Juba himself was following with all his forces, 
and had encamped at a distance’ of six miles from 
Saburra. Yet the plan of Curio was carried out 
without disaster; for the horsemen completed their 
journey during the night and fell upon the soldiers of 
Saburra off their guard and confused ® by sleep, and 
killed a great number of them. Having accomplished 
this, they returned and brought their captives to Curio. 





1Two nouns may be connected by a preposition (@) when 
the noun on which the prepositional phrase depends has verbal 
force, e.g. odium in nos; or (b) when the prepositional phrase 
contains a partitive or source idea, e.g. testes ex Sicilia. Other- 
wise, instead of a prepositional phrase, an adjective or genitive 
should often be used ; e.g. ‘¢ fame in arms”? is fama militaris or 
fama armorum. Sometimes a participle must be added or a 
relative clause used ; thus, ‘‘the city on the mountain”? is wrbs 
in monte posita or urbs quae in monte posita est. In the pres- 
ent case, finitimus (adj.) may be employed. 

2 proelio rem comimittere. 3 rem probare. 

4 Change to active, using the verb adiuvare. © rem bene gerere. 

6 Use adjective. 7 intervallum. 8 oppressus. 


Latin Composition — Part I. 13 


EXERCISE 10. 


When Balbus had said this, Cotta answered smiling, 
“ You are late,! Balbus, in instructing me what view ” 
to uphold.’ For while you were arguing, I was con- 
sidering within* myself what to say in reply. More- 
over, since each must use’ his own judgment, it is hard 
for me to hold the view‘ that you would like. How- 
ever, let us consider each point’ separately.” In the 
first place, Balbus, you do not make clear’ how ® it 
happens that we are so easily persuaded * that there are 
gods.” “But,” said Balbus, “if you are already per- 
suaded, why is it that!” you wish to be convinced™ by 
me?” Because,” replied Cotta, “I am entering this 
debate as though I had never heard” anything about 
the immortal gods, and had thought nothing about 
them. Take me as a rough and untutored ” pupil and 
teach me the things I ask.” Thus they debated until 
sunset, when we separated," I with the feeling that the 
argument of Balbus was the sounder, while Velleius 
thought that? of Cotta nearer the truth.” 





1 See Exercise 1, note 7. 2 Omit. 3 defendere. 

4 Lit. with. - ; 
5 B. 339. 4; A. 294. c, n (600. 3) ; G. 427. n. 4; H. 621. 2. 
8 sentire. 7 docere. 


8 Ut, quem ad modum, and quo modo express manner ; and 
hence are used with verbs. Quam expresses degree, and there- 
fore should be employed to translate ‘‘ how’? with adjectives 
and adverbs. 

9 Distinguish between being persuaded that a thing is so and 
being persuaded to do a thing. 

10 quid est cur. U discere. 

2B, 307; A. 312 (524) ; G. 602; H. 584. 18 integer. 

14 Lit. we so separated that the argument of Balbus seemed 
to me, etc. 16 ad veritatis similitudinem propensior. 


14 Latin Composition — Part I. 


EXERCISE 11. 


Having united the armies,’ Caesar led them to 
Gomphi, which? is the first town in Thessaly as you 
come ® from Epirus—a town, moreover,’ which’ a few 
months before had sent ambassadors to him urging 4 
that he make use of its resources. But the news of 
Pompey’s victory had now arrived; and so Androsthe- 
nes, the leader ® of Thessaly, preferring to be a sharer? 
of Pompey’s success rather than of Caesar’s reverse, 
gathered all of the slaves and freedmen into the town, 
closed the gates, and sent messengers to Pompey ask- 
ing* him to come to his support; saying‘ that he had 
confidence in the fortifications if aid should come® 
quickly, but that he could not stand a long assault. 
But Pompey was far away, and*® Caesar immediately 
ordered ladders made” to be used " in sealing the walls. 
When this had been done, he showed the soldiers how 
useful it would be” toward” relieving their need to 
take possession ¥ of this rich city; and beginning the 
assault ® after three o’clock of the same day on which 
he had arrived, he took the city before sunset. 





1 A noun or pronoun in the ablative absolute should not in 
general refer to the same person or thing mentioned in the main 
clause ; some other construction should therefore be chosen here. 

2 For the agreement a the dees Gt see B. 250. 3; A. 199 


(306) ; G. 614. R. 3 (0) 5 396. 
8 B. 188. 2. a; A. 235. : (878. =, G. 353; H. 425. 4. 
4 Omit. 5 See Exercise 4, note 6. 5 praetor. 
7 comes. 8 succurrere (impersonal). 9 autem. 
10 fiert. 


11 The passive of the verb ‘‘to use’? may be rendered by usut 
esse or usurpari. 

12 Lit. what utility (wsus) it would have. 

13 ad. 14 Infinitive. 1b oppugnare aggredi. 


Latin Composition — Part I. 15 


EXERCISE 12. 


Men of wisdom have ever! cared more? for the 
soul than the body. When the king threatened him 
with the cross,’ Theodorus said, “‘ Make these * threats 
to your purple-clad courtiers’; it makes no difference 
to Theodorus whether he decays under the ground or 
raised® aloft.” What Socrates thought about this 
matter appears in that book of which I have already 
talked so much.® For when he had argued about the 
immortality of the soul and the time of death was 
now close at hand, asked by Crito how he wished to be 
buried, he said, “ I have wasted much labor,’ friends ; 
for I have not convinced * Crito that I shall fly away 
from here and not leave any vestige® of myself. 
However, Crito, if you are able to follow me, bury me 
as you think best. But, believe me, no one of you 
will follow me when I shall go from here.” Diogenes 
had the same idea,’ but spoke more coarsely, bidding 
his friends to throw him out unburied. 





1 Not wnquam. Why ? 

2 pluris facere. 

3 Minari may take both a dative and an accusative. 
4 The demonstrative of the second person is iste. 

5 Omit. 

6 multa. 

7 operam frustra consumere. 

8 persuadere. 

9 sentire. 


16 Latin Composition — Part I. 


EXERCISE 13. 


Meanwhile two of Caesar’s ships having been cap- 
tured by the enemy, they were sent to Scipio along 
with the prisoners. When! these latter? had been 
brought to him, he said, “ I know well that it is not of 
your own accord, but at the instigation of that most 
wicked ® leader of yours, that you are fighting against 
me. And so if you will follow me, I offer you life and 
money. Therefore declare what your sentiments are.” 4 
Having finished this speech, and thinking that with- 
out doubt he would be thanked ’® by them, Scipio then 
gave them permission to speak. But a centurion of 
the fourteenth legion answered him, “ You are very 
kind, Scipio— for you may ® not rightfully be called 
general by me—in promising’ us life and safety, and 
perhaps I would accept’ this favor if there were not 
a great wrong connected with it. Shall I take up 
arms against Caesar my general, in whose army I have 
fought for more than * thirty-six years? I will not do 
it, and I warn you that” not even the slaves whom 
your soldiers have captured will accept these terms.” 





1 postquam. 

2 Omit. 

3 malus. 

4 sentire. 

5 gratias agere. 

6 The indicative of posse is often used where the English 
idiom would lead us to expect the subjunctive. 

7 qui, quod, or cum with the indicative. 

8 uti. 

9 See Exercise 7, note 4. 

0 Cf, Exercise 10, note 10. 


Latin Composition— Part I. ye 


EXERCISE 14. 


At early dawn Caesar ordered all the Pompeians 
who had taken their station upon the mountain to 
come down into the plain and throw down their arms. 
And when they did this without delay, and falling 
forward on! the earth with tears” begged their lives? 
of him, he bade them rise; and after saying a few 
words about his leniency that* they might be less 
afraid,> he spared ® them all, and gave directions to 
his soldiers that no one’ of them should be injured ® 
and that they should not be deprived of* anything. 
Then he gave orders that other legions should come 
from the camp to meet him, and that those which he 
had with him should return to camp and rest; and 
on the same day he came to Larissa. In the battle 
which had taken place the day before he had lost not 
more than two hundred soldiers, but thirty centurions, 
men of yalor. Of the Pompeian forces it seemed” 
that about fifteen thousand had fallen, and™ more than 
twenty-five thousand actually” surrendered. Many 
besides fled for refuge into neighboring states. 





1 ad. 2 Present participle. 3 salus. 
4 Note the comparative in the purpose clause. 
5 Ablative of characteristic (timor). ® conservare. 


7 The indefinite quis is rare, but it is regularly used after si, 
ne, and num. Remember that the forms quis, quae, quid, and 
their compounds (e.g. aliquis), are regularly nouns, while quiz, 
quae, quod are adjectives. 

8 laedere. 9 desiderare. 

° 10 Jn the simple tenses, the passive of verbs of saying, an- 
nouncing, perceiving, etc., is generally personal, but not when 
followed by a dative (excepting videri). The perfect tenses, on 
the contrary, prefer the impersonal construction; B. 352. ; 
A. 330. 6. 1 (582) ; G. 528; H. 611. 1 sed. 12 Omit. 


18 Latin Composition — Part I. 


EXERCISE 15. 


After the attempt? had been made to murder Cas- 
sius, Racilius took refuge in the near-by house? of a 
friend until he should know for certain whether Cassius 
was dead or not.? Lucius Laterensis, having no doubt 
on this point,* hastened with joy® to the camp and 
congratulated the soldiers of the second legion, to 
whom he knew Cassius was especially odious*®; by 
these he was lifted upon the tribunal anda hailed im- 
perator. Shortly after it was announced to Laterensis 
that Cassius was alive; and stirred more by grief 
than shaken in courage by this announcement, he set 
out at once to reconcile himself? with Cassius. But in 
vain ; for in the meantime, from the testimony of Minu- 
cius, Cassius had learned that he and Racilius had been 
in that plot, and they were at once ordered to be exe- 
cuted. Likewise Cassius gave over Minucius himself 
to his freedmen to torture,’ as well as? Calpurnius Salvi- 
anus, who had also offered information and increased 
the number of the accused, — rightfully, as some think, 
or * under compulsion, as many complain. 





1 Avoid the abstract noun. 

2 aedes. 

3 In a double direct question, annon is the negative for the 
second member ; in the indirect, it is necne. 

4 Omit. 

5 B. 239; A. 191 (290); G. 325. x. 6; H. 497. 

6B. 191; A. 233 (882); G. 356; H. 433. 

7 Lit. make peace. 

8 B. 337. 7. b. 2; A. 294. d (500. 4) ; G. 480. n.. 1; H.-622. 

9 et simul. 


Latin Composition — Part VE 19 


EXERCISE 16. 


Who does not understand that everything is sea- 
soned by our desires? When Darius in his flight 
had drunk water that was muddy and tainted by 
corpses, he said that he had never’ had a more re- 
freshing drink? He had of course® never been 
thirsty when he drank. And Ptolomaeus had never 
been hungry when he ate; and so* when, as he was 
crossing Egypt, common bread was offered him _be- 
cause his train® had not come up,‘ it seemed to him 
that nothing’? was more appetizing ® than that bread. 
And they say that when Socrates was walking about 
until evening, and he was asked why he did so, he 
replied that by walking he was getting some “hunger 
sauce”? that he might eat the better. Among the 
Lacedaemonians black bread is the staple” food. 
When Dionysius was taking dinner there he remarked 
that he did not enjoy" that bread, and a certain one 
said, “That’s not at all” strange; for the seasoning 
is wanting.” “What, pray?” responded the king. 
Then said™ he, “ Work, sweat, hunger, and thirst; 
these condiments you ought to have provided.” ™ 





1 Combine the negative with the verb of saying. 

2 bibere iucunde. 4 igitur. 

83 videlicet. 5 comites. § consequi. 

7 When the first of two things compared is in the nomina- 
tive or the accusative, generally either the ablative or the con- 
struction with guam may be used. But in sweeping negations 
and questions equivalent thereto, the ablative is regularly used. 

8 jucundus. 0 cotidianus. 12 minus (superlative). 

9 obsonare famem. | delectari. 13 Omit. 

14 For the tense of the infinitive, see B. 270. 2; A. 288. a 
(486. a) ; G. 280. 2. b; H. 618. 2. 


20 Latin Composition — Part i 


EXERCISE 17. 


When Socrates saw a great amount! of gold and 
silver carried by*® in a_ procession, he remarked, 
“ How’ many (are the things”) I do not need!” And 
when ambassadors from Alexander had brought fifty 
talents to Xenocrates, he took them out to dinner at 
the Academy, where he provided? only? so much as 
was necessary,’ with no display. When on the next 
day they asked to whom he wanted the money which 
they had brought delivered, he said, “What! Did 
you not understand from yesterday’s poor® dinner 
that I do not wish money?” But seeing them de- 
jected, he accepted thirty minae, not to seem to esteem 
lightly’ the generosity of the king. And Diogenes, 
being ® a Cynic, said quite rudely ® to Alexander, who 
asked him to speak if he needed” anything, “Just? 
move a little’ so as not to cut off” my sunlight.” 
And he used to argue how far” he surpassed the king 
of the Persians in happiness,“ saying? he lacked 
nothing, while nothing would ever satisfy ¥ the king. 








1 vis. 9 libere (comparative). 
2 Omit. 10 opus esse. 

3 See Exercise 10, note 9. M paululum. 

4 apponere. 12 officere. 

5 satis. 138 quanto. 

6 Diminutive. 14 fortuna. 

7 aspernari. 15 satis esse. 


8 ut. 


Latin Composition — Part 18 21 


EXERCISE 18. 


Socrates had a divine something which he called 
Satpoviov, Which he always obeyed. And when Xeno- 
phon consulted him as to' whether he should follow 
Cyrus or not, after giving the answer’ that seemed 
to him best, he said, “‘ But my advice is human; with 
reference to matters obscure and doubtful, I think 
recourse * must be had to Apollo.” Likewise when 
the battle at Delium had turned out disastrously * 
under the leadership of’ Laco, and the troops were 
retreating, on their arrival at cross-roads, Socrates 
refused to flee by the same road! as the others. And 
when they asked why he was unwilling to go the 
same way as they,'he replied that he had been warned 
by God. And as a matter of fact those who fled by 
that road had a collision ® with the enemies’ cavalry. 
Finally, though condemned by unjust’ votes, he said 
that he would die with perfect resignation®; for 
neither as he left home nor as he ascended the plat- 
form on which he pleaded his case did God give the 
sign which he was wont to feel? when any evil was 
impending. 


1 Omit. ® incidere. 

2 exponere. 7 impius. 

8 referre. 8 aequissimus animus. 
4 male pugnare (impersonal). 9 accipere. 


5 praetor. 


bo 
bo 


Latin Composition — Part I. 


EXERCISE 19. 


Shall therefore obscurity or even unpopularity? 
keep the sage from being happy? Iam inclined to 
think that* the notoriety which is so* sought after 
brings* more annoyance than pleasure. Surely De- 
mosthenes is weak? to say® that he took delight 
in the whisper of a woman carrying water, “ This is 
the great’ Demosthenes.” What is more contempt- 
ible* than that? And yet® what an orator he was! 
But doubtless he had learned to speak before others, 
and not much within himself. On the other hand, 
Democritus cries, “I came to Athens, and no one 
there recognized me.” <A well-balanced and sensible 
man who boasts that he lacks notoriety! The people 
dislike any preéminence of virtue, and Heraclitus 
relates that the Ephesians were condemned to death 
because, on expelling" Hermodorus, they proclaimed,” 
“ Let no one of us excel. But if any one does,” let 
it be in another place, among other people.” The 
sage renounces ambition and refuses honors even when 
thrust’ upon him; we, however, do not know enough 
to renounce them until we begin to repent. 





1 popularis offensio. 

2 nescio an; G. 457. 2; H. 650. 4. 

3 Omit. 5 leviculus. 7 Express by pronoun. 

4 habere. 6 See Exercise 13, note 7. 8 levis. 9 at. 

10 B. 249.2; A. 195. 7 (298. f); G. 311. 2; H. 509. 1. 

11 For sequence, see B. 268. 2; A. 336. B. n. 2 (585. a) ; 
G. 518; H. 548. 

12 The missing parts of izquam are supplied by other verbs 
of saying; here by loquit. 

13 A condition put as an alternative may be introduced by 
sin. 

14 Use existere. 16 ultro deferre. 


Latin Composition — Part ie 23 


EXERCISE 20. 


It is said that Romulus was the son of Mars, and 
that he was ordered exposed on the bank of? the 
Tiber along with his brother Remus, because the 
Alban king Amulius feared that they would wrest his 
kingdom from him. When in that deserted place he 
had been nourished by a beast? of the forest and after- 
wards * found‘ and brought up’ by shepherds, it is 
related that Romulus so far excelled the others in 
strength of body and force of will ® that all those who 
inhabited the fields where now this city stands’ gladly 
obeyed him. And having made® himself the leader 
of their forces, — to turn ® now from fables to facts, — 
he crushed Alba Longa, a city which at this time was 
strong and powerful, and killed Amulius. On gain- 
ing this distinction” it is said that he first conceived 
the idea of founding” this city ; for which, as you see, 
he chose a situation of great advantage”—a thing 
which needs to be most carefully looked out for by 
one who wishes to found a commonwealth that will 
last." 


lad. 8 nraebere. 

2 belua. 9 venire. 

3 Omit. 10 gloria. 

4 tollere. 11 condere cogitare. 

5 alere. 2 incredibilis opportunitas. 
© animi ferocitas. 18 diuturnus. 


7 esse. 


D4 Latin Composition — Part I. 


EXERCISE 21. 


While this' was taking place, word was carried to 
Publius Sulla,? whom Caesar had put in command of 
the camp, and he came to the relief of the cohort with 
two legions. At his arrival the Pompeians were 
easily repulsed; and in fact they did not brave ® the 
sight or the onset of our soldiers, but at once wheeled 
about* and withdrew. Sulla, however, recalled his 
men, fearing that the enemy were plotting some 
treachery. Many think that if he had chosen °® to fol- 
low closely,® the war would have been finished on 
that day. Yet’ his policy seems not to be criticised.® 
For the duty” of a lieutenant is one thing, and that of 
a commander another; the one must do all things ac- 
cording to orders," the other must take measures for the 
general good." Sulla, being left by Caesar to guard the 
camp, was content with this, and did not venture’ to 
fight it out, —a thing which perhaps would bring on” 
some disaster,!?— lest he should seem to have taken 
upon himself the functions® of a commander. 





1 The rule laid down in Exercise 1, note 5, does not apply to 
dum. Begin the sentence Dum haec. : 
2 Use certior fiert. 8 reprehendere. 


8 ferre. ° partes. 

4 se vertere. ) ad praescriptum. 

5 velle. ad summam rerum. 
® acrius. 2 recipere. 


i 
i) 


7 Omit. detrimentum. 


Latin Composition — Part I. 25 


EXERCISE 22. 


On my arrival in Africa I had no dearer wish’ than 
to meet Masinissa, who for many reasons was most 
friendly to our family. And when I had come to his 
house? the old man embraced me and wept, and a 
little later looked up to heaven and exclaimed, “I 
thank thee, mighty® Sun, and you, other gods of 
heaven,’ that before departing this life I see in my 
own realm and in this house Publius Cornelius Scipio, 
by whose very name I am refreshed.” Then I ques- 
tioned him about his realm and he me about our state, 
and the whole day was taken up with many remarks °® 
back and forth. Moreover afterward, entertained ° in 
regal style, we continued our conversation late into’ 
the night, the old man talking of nothing but Afri- 
canus, and recalling not only his deeds but even his 
words. Then, when we had separated to go to rest,° 
a deeper’ sleep than usual” fell upon™ me, weary 
with my journey and having” sat up ® until far into? 
the night. 





lpihil . . . potius esse with dative. 3 summus. 

2 Use ad with accusative. £ caelites. 

5 verbum. Make ablative absolute by adding a participle of 
habere. 


® acceptus. 10 solere. 
7 multus ad. 11 complecti. 
8 cubare. 12 qui-clause. 


9 artus. 18 yigilare. 


26 Latin Composition — Part vi 


EXERCISE 23. 


Moved by these and like considerations, Socrates 
had no fear of death, but spoke freely at his trial and 
was not subservient! to his judges. On the last day 
of his life he discoursed at length * on this very topic, 
and a few days before, when he could easily have been 
rescued ® from prison, he refused*; and at that time 
almost holding in his hand that fatal® cup, he so 
spoke that he seemed not forced ® to death but ascend- 
ing to heaven. For he believed that there were two 
paths for souls leaving the body; that for those who 
had defiled themselves with human failings and given 
themselves wholly’ to their desires there was a cer- 
tain distant road shut off from the assembly of the 
gods: but that for those who had kept themselves pure, 
and in their human bodies had imitated the life of the 
gods, there was open an easy return to the place from 
whence they came. And so he said that as swans die 
with joy and song, so all good and wise men should do. 





1 supplex. 5 Not fatalis. 
2 multa. 6 trudere. 
3 educere. 7 totus. 


4 nolle. 


Latin Composition — Part I. OF 


EXERCISE 24. 


As soon as Caesar broke camp a great multitude of 
the Numidians suddenly burst forth from the city and 
seized the fortifications he had left,’ and began to fol- 
low the rear-guard.2, When this circumstance® was 
noticed, the legionary soldiers halted, and though our 
horsemen were few, they rushed most boldly against 
the overwhelming numbers.* Then a wonderful thing 
happened, namely,’ that less than thirty Gallic cavalry- 
men drove back ‘and put to flight two thousand Moorish 
horsemen. After these had been repulsed and driven’ 
within the fortifications, Caesar proceeded on the jour- 
ney® he had planned. When this same procedure?’ 
was gone through with® repeatedly, he placed at the 
end of the line a few veteran cohorts which he had 
with him and a part of the horsemen, and began to 
advance slowly with the rest. So, in proportion as” 
he withdrew from the town, the enemy was less 
ready ™ to pursue. In the meantime along the line of 
march” embassies came from the towns and strong- 
holds and promised grain, saying that they were ready 
to do what Caesar should direct. 


1 Lit. whence he had gone forth. 7 conicere. 


2 agmen extremum. 8 iter ire contendere. 

3 res. 9 jiert. 

4 tanta multitudo. 10 guanto longius...tanto. 
5 Omit. 11 tardior. 


6 loco pellere. 12 in itinere. 


28 Latin Composition — Part I. 


EXERCISE 25. 


In the meantime Pharnaces sent embassies to Domi- 
tius to beg that a truce be made, and presented 
him with royal gifts. These Domitius persistently? 
refused, and answered that nothing would be of more 
importance in his eyes” than to maintain the dignity 
of the Roman people and to restore the territory ® of 
the alles. And so when, by* continuous forced ® 
marches, he came into the neighborhood ° of Nicopolis, 
a city which is situated in a level plain, he pitched his 
camp about seven miles from the town. Since from 
this camp a narrow and difficult road must be traversed? 
to reach the city, Pharnaces arranged picked foot- 
soldiers and nearly all his cavalry in ambush, and 
gave orders that a great flock of sheep be let loose in 
the pass* and that many of the natives*® should walk 
about in that locality; so that if Domitius traversed 
the road as a friend, he would have no suspicion of 
the ambuscade; but if” he came as an enemy, that his 
soldiers might become scattered in capturing the 
booty, and so be more easily cut to pieces. 





1 constanter. 

2 Lit. dearer (antiquius) to him. 

3 civitas. 

4 Make ablative absolute by adding the verb conjficere. 

5 magnus. 

6 B. 182.3; A. 258. 6b, n. 2 (428. a); G. 337. r. 4; H. 418. 4. 
7 ingredi. 

8 fauces. 

® incola. 

10 See Exercise 19, note 13. 


Latin Composition — Part I. 29 


EXERCISE 26. 


Since Labienus was stationed’ in a strongly forti- 
fied? camp, he had no fear with reference to his own 
or the legion’s danger, but was planning not® to miss 
any opportunity for successful action.* And so he 
sent to the neighboring states and summoned horse- 
men from all directions. In the meantime Indutio- 
marus almost daily circled about’ below the camp 
with all his cavalry, now that he might examine the 
fortifications, and now to inspire terror. Labienus 
kept his men within the camp, and increased the im- 
pression of fear on his part ® by whatsoever means he 
could. While Indutiomarus was continuing’ to ap- 
proach the fortifications with a contempt daily greater, 
Labienus in a single night received within the camp 
all the cavalry he had summoned from the neighbor- 
ing states. On the next day he suddenly sent forth 
his whole force against the surprised and scattered 
enemy, giving orders* that all should make for Indu- 
tiomarus, and that no one should give attention to® 
any other thing® before he saw him slain. 





1 se tenere. § Omit. 

2 munitus (superlative). 7 Express by the tense. 
8 cogitare ne. 8 imperare. 

+ bene rem gerere. 9 curare. 


° vagart. 


30 Latin Composition — Part I 


EXERCISE 27. 


In the plain where this was taking place there was 
a very large villa, crowned? by four towers. This pre- 
vented Labienus from seeing that he was being flanked ? 
by Caesar’s cavalry —a thing which he ought to have 
guarded against. But he did not catch sight of* the 
squadrons before he found that his men were being 
assailed’ inthe rear. By this attack ® his cavalry was 
thrown into confusion, and it fled in a straight line ® to 
camp. But his Gallic and German troops, who stood 
their ground, were surrounded, and all fell fighting 
bravely. When the legions of Scipio, Labienus’ ally, 
saw this, blinded by fear and terror they began to flee 
into theiy camp. Now that‘ Scipio and Labienus and 
all their forces had been driven from the field, Caesar 
ordered the signal for retreat ® to be sounded, and con- 
centrated all his men within the fortifications. But 
on the next day he proceeded slowly, and was now less 
than a mile from Uzita when® Scipio, fearing that the 
townspeople might not be able to resist Caesar, hastened 
from his camp to the assistance of that city. 








1 instructus. 5 caedere. 

2 intercludere. 6 Omit. 

3 praecavere. 7 nostquam. 
4 videre. 8 receptus. 


9 B. 288. 2; A. 325. b (546. a); G 581; H. 600. 1. 1. 


Latin Composition — Part I. 31 


EXERCISE 28. 


The Gauls had been taught by captives the art of 
building siege-works, but they had no supply of iron 
implements ' such as? are used for this purpose.? From 
this fact one may gain an idea‘ of the number of 
the men; for in less than three hours they finished a 
fifteen-foot wall ten miles in circumference. Our men 
meanwhile remained quietly within their camp. But 
on the seventh day of the siege the enemy began to 
throw burning missiles upon the barracks, which were 
covered with thatch in the Gallic fashion. These 
quickly caught fire, and this the strong wind? carried 
to all parts of the camp. Thereupon the Gauls, with 
a great shout, as though victory were already attained, 
began to ascend the wall of the camp® by ladders. 
But such was the valor and presence of mind of our 
men that though they were scorched on all sides by the 
flames and knew that all their baggage and goods’ were 
burning, not only did nobody leave the wall, but no 
one even looked back. This occasion was by far the 
most dangerous of the whole siege for us ;* but it had 
this outcome, that on this day the greatest number of 
the enemy were killed and wounded. 


1 ferramentum. 

2 quit. 

Ba 

* posse cognoscere; see B. 280.1; A. 311. a (447. 2); G. 
257. 2; H. 552. 

5 magnitudo venti. 7 fortunae. 

5 vallum. 8 Lit. our men. 


32 Latin Composition — Part I. 


EXERCISE 29. 


After Caesar had urged the Haedui to forget their 
quarrels and dissensions and to give attention to? 
the war, he divided his army into two parts and led 
in person six legions toward the town of Gergovia. 
Learning of this, Vercingetorix destroyed all the 
bridges across? the river which lay between Caesar and 
that city, and began to journey along® the other bank.’ 
When Caesar had pitched his camp near the river and 
nowhere found a bridge by which to reach Gergovia, 
he feared that he would be hindered the greater part 
of the summer, because the river is usually * not forded ° 
before autumn. That this might not happen, he 
halted? the next day with two legions in a hidden 
spot,’ and ordered the other forces with all the bag- 
gage to proceed as far as possible. While Vercinge- 
torix was following to watch these, Caesar repaired the 
nearest bridge and crossed over with his two legions, 
and then® having chosen a suitable place for a camp, 
he recalled the rest of the troops. 





1 servire. 5 solere. 
2 Lit. of. 6 vado transire. 
8 ab. 7 subsistere. 


4 pars. 8 Omit. 


Latin Composition — Part J. 33 


EXERCISE 30. 


Pompey, also, as was afterward learned, with the 
approval! of all his friends had decided to risk a 
battle.2 For in a council a few days before, he had 
said that Caesar’s army would be routed before the 
battle lines met. And when many wondered at? this, 
he replied, “I know that I am promising a thing al- 
most incredible; but hear the plan I have adopted, 
in order that you may enter the battle with greater 
courage.t I have persuaded the horsemen that, as 
soon as we approach near,’ they assail Caesar’s right 
wing and scatter the disorganized® army before a 
javelin is thrown by us against the enemy. In that 
way, without danger to the legions and almost without 
a wound, we shall finish the war—a thing which is 
not difficult, since we are so strong’ in cavalry.” At 
the same time he gave orders that, since there would 
be® a chance to fight, they should prepare themselves ° 
so as not to disappoint his expectation or that of the 
other leaders. 


1 Not abstract. 6 nerturbatus. 

2 rem proelio committere. 7 tantum valere. 

3 admirari. 8 fieri. 

+ animus firmus. 2 animo paratus esse. 


5 propius accedere ; impersonal. 


on Latin Composition — Part I. 


EXERCISE 31. 


When our men had been withdrawn from the wall, 
the enemy advanced and cast weapons from all sides 
within the fortifications, and sending heralds around, 
they ordered proclamation made? that if any Roman 
were willing to desert to them before nine o’clock, it 
could be done without peril; but after that time there 
would be no opportunity. And they so looked down 
upon our men that some began to pull down the wall 
with their hands and others to fill the ditches. Then 
making a sortie from all the gates at once, Caesar 
drove the enemy quickly to flight. Fearing to follow 
far, because forests and swamps blocked the way * and 
he did not know the nature of the country, he pro- 
ceeded at once to Cicero’s camp, where he found that 
not one man in ten* was left unwounded. From this 
circumstance he judged in’ what great peril and with 
what valor the winter quarters had been defended. 





1 pronuntiare. 4 Lit. not each tenth soldier. 
2 in fugam dare. 5 cum. 
3 intercludere. 


Latin Composition — Part I. 35 


EXERCISE 32. 


Meanwhile Marcus Cato, who was in command of 
Utica, ceased not to find fault with’ Gnaeus Pompey 
the younger. He said: “ When your father was at 
your time of life* and saw the state crushed by 
wicked citizens, collecting the remnants of his father’s® 
army he restored* Italy and Rome to liberty. By 
these actions’ he gained standing for himself, and 
though but a youth and a knight, celebrated a triumph. 
Will you, the son of such a great man, allow to pass ® 
this opportunity of aiding your father’s friends?” 
Moved by these words the young man set out from 
Utica with thirty ships of every description for Mau- 
retania, and entering the kingdom of Bogud began to 
advance on the city of Ascurum. The townspeople 
allowed him to approach until he was close upon the 
very gates and wall, and then suddenly making a 
sortie, they drove the routed’ and terrified Pompeians 
to the sea and their ships. And so after this ill suc- 
cess* Pompey turned away his fleet from thence and 
did not again® touch that shore, but” directed his 
ships toward the Balearic Islands. 





1 obiurgare. 
2 istuc aetatis; B. 185.2; A. 240. b (397. a); G. 336. n. 2; 
H. 416. 2. 


3 Adjective. 7 prosternere. 
£ vindicare. 8 male rem gerere. 
5 res. 9 posted. 


® dimittere. 10 _que. 


36 Latin Composition — Part I. 


EXERCISE 33. 


As soon as the Gauls gave up the siege of his camp, 
Cicero sent a messenger with a letter to Caesar to 
announce that all of the enemy had left and turned 
upon him (Caesar). When this letter had been brought 
in about midnight, Caesar informed his men and roused 
their courage for fighting. Then the next day, ad- 
vancing about four miles, he saw across a large valley 
and a stream a great multitude of the enemy. It was 
a perilous matter’ to contend with such a large force 
on unfavorable ground, and furthermore he knew that 
Cicero was relieved of the siege. And so he halted,’ 
and fortified a camp in the most favorable place pos- 
sible. At early dawn the horsemen of the enemy 
approached and joined battle with our cavalry, but 
Caesar designedly ordered his men to yield and with- 
draw toward the camp. Lured on? by this stratagem,* 
che enemy brought their foot-soldiers across the stream 
and drew up a battle hne on ground unfavorable to 
themselves. 








lmagni periculi res. 3 invitatus. 
{ ] 
2 consistere. 4 res. 


Latin Composition — Part I. a 


EXERCISE 34. 


In this legion were the centurions Titus Pullo and 
Lucius Vorenus, men of valor. These had a contin- 
ual rivalry’ between them which should attain the 
fairer* fame, and they were always contending about 
this very thing. While the battle was raging* most 
fiercely * at the fortifications, Pullo cried: “Why do 
you hesitate, Vorenus? Are you looking for a better 
opportunity to display’ your valor?” Saying this, 
he proceeded without the fortifications and rushed 
in where the enemy were thickest. And Vorenus, 
fearing the opinion® of the soldiers, no longer re- 
mained within the wall, but followed at a very short’ 
distance. First Pullo’s shield was pierced, and a dart 
stuck in his belt; but his rival’ Vorenus rushed to 
assist? him and helped him in his distress. Then, 
when Vorenus was surrounded, Pullo brought aid to 
him, and both of them,” after killing many of the 
enemy, withdrew unharmed within the fortifications. 
Fortune had favored each equally, and it was impos- 
sible to decide which was the braver. 








1 controversiae. 8 existimatio. 

2 pulcher. 7 parvus. 

3 pugnare (impersonal). 8 inimicus. 

4 acriter. 9 currens subvenire. 
5 probare. 10 Omit. 


ee OISD 








PART II 











PART II. 


—_e— 
EXERCISE 35. 


Dionysius ordered the silver tables also to be re- 
moved from the shrines; and since on these it had 
been inscribed according to the usage of ancient 
Greece, “Of the Good Gods,” he used to say that he 
wanted to experience’ their” “goodness.” Likewise 
he would take away the little victories and bowls and 
crowns which were held® in‘ the outstretched hands 
of the statues, saying’ that it was folly to refuse® to 
receive them when they were offered by the very 
ones from whom we ask blessings. And they relate 
that he brought forth these things which I have men- 





ie 

2 A demonstrative pronoun should in general precede its noun. 

3 sustinere. 

4 Lit. by. 

5 The nominative of the present participle is to be sparingly 
used. In its place a clause introduced by cum or dum may 
sometimes be employed; A. 290. ¢, n (492. ); G. 585. rR; H. 
640. 5. When the English present participle is used loosely of 
action that is really antecedent, the perfect participle affords an 
exact translation if the verb be deponent. (Such perfect par- 
ticiples are sometimes used when the action is not really ante- 
cedent ; B. 336. 5; A. 290. 6 (491); G. 282. n; H. 640. 1.) 
Finally, a co6rdinate clause will often translate well the Eng- 
lish present participle. 

6 Not recusare. 

41 


42 Latin Composition — Part II. 


tioned as‘ stolen from the shrines into the market- 
place, and sold them at auction;* and that, when he 
had collected the money, he gave orders that each® 
purchaser’ before a set day should return what he 
had of the sacred relics to its proper ® shrine. And 
so to impiety toward the gods he added™ injustice to 
men. Yet Olympian Jove did not smite him with 
his” thunderbolt, but he died in his bed, transmitting 
to his son the power he had gained through treachery 
and maintained by most wicked * deeds. 





7 Omit. 

8 per praeconem. 

® B. 252. 5.6; A. 202. e (813.a); G. 318. 1 (8d example) ; 
H. 515. 1 (2d example). ; 

10 swus. 

Ul adiungere. 

2 Meus, twus, suus, etc., are not to be used as frequently as 
the corresponding English words. If added to make the refer- 
ence clear, they may follow their noun. But where there is a 
sharp antithesis, they should stand first ; we often mark such 
antithesis by ‘‘own,’’ e.g. ‘*my own.”’ 

13 servare ; distinguish from servire, 

M4 malus. 


Latin Composition — Part LI. 43 


EXERCISE 36. 


The leaders of the Nervii said that they wished 
to speak to Cicero. When permission was granted, 
they announced that the states of all’ Gaul were in 
arms, that the Germans had crossed the Rhine, and? 
that the winter quarters of Caesar were besieged. 
They further affirmed® that they objected to* nothing 
except the maintenance of’ winter quarters, saying? 
that they did not want the custom to become fixed in 
their territory; Cicero and his soldiers were therefore 
at liberty ® to withdraw from their camp in safety’ 
and to proceed whithersoever they wished without 
fear. In reply to this, Cicero gave but one answer,® 
namely,’ that it was not the policy of the Roman 
people to accept any terms from an enemy in arms; ? 








1 totus. 

2Of three or more codrdinate words or phrases (unless 
negative), the last only is commonly written with a con- 
nective (-que). Less often et is used with each added word or 
phrase (polysyndeton), or connectives are omitted altogether 
(asyndeton). 

3 addere etiam. 

4 recusare. 

5 Omit. 

6 licere. 

7B. 239; A. 191 (290); G. 325. r. 6; H. 497. 

8 respondere. 

8 Two nouns connected by a preposition is a construction to 
be used with caution. It may be employed (a) when the noun 
on which the prepositional phrase depends has verbal force, 
e.g. odium in nos; or (b) when the prepositional phrase con- 
tains a partitive or source idea, e.g. testes ex Sicilia. Otherwise 
the construction is in general to be avoided. Instead of a prepo- 
sitional phrase, an adjective or genitive should often be used ; 
‘‘fame in arms,”’’ for instance, is fama militaris or fama armo- 


44 Latin Composition — Part THR 


but if! they were willing to lay down their arms,” 
they might’ send ambassadors to Caesar; and, in 
view of his fairness, he hoped they would gain the 
things they had asked. And so, disappointed in the 
hope ® of luring Cicero forth," the Nervii surrounded 
his camp with a wall of ten feet and a ditch of 
fifteen. 





rum. Sometimes a participle must be added or a relative clause 
employed ; thus, ‘‘ the city on the mountain’’ is wrbs in monte 
posita, or urbs quae in monte posita est. In the present case 
use armatus. 

10 A condition put as an alternative may be introduced by sin. 

ab armis discedere. 

12 Use the simple subjunctive. 

13 ¢ spe depulsus. 

14 Gerund or gerundive? B. 3389; A. 296 (503); G. 427; 
H. 623. 1. 


Latin Composition — Part LI. 45 


EXERCISE 37. 


The forces of the enemy were frequently increased 
by reinforcements sent by the king. But strength 
was failing our men, and at the same time those who 
had received wounds could neither withdraw from 
the line nor be carried to a place where’ they would 
be safe, because the whole battle ne was surrounded ? 
by the enemy’s cavalry. And so, despairing of their 
safety, they were either bewailing their own fate?® 
or giving directions about* their relatives to those 
who were yet uninjured. And when Curio’ saw 
that neither his orders nor his requests were heard, 
thinking that there was one hope of safety left, he 
directed that all should make for® the nearest hills 
and carry thither the standards. But the cavalry sent 
by Saburra had occupied these also. Then Gnaeus 
Domitius, a cavalry commander, urged Curio to seek 
safety in flight, promising that he would not desert’ 
him. But Curio replied that after losing the army 
which Caesar had entrusted to his care,’ he would 
never? come into his sight again; and so he died 
there fighting. 





1 Remember that guo almost always means ‘‘ whither,’’ not 
‘¢ where ’’; cf. eo, ‘* thither.” 

2 circumdatus tenert. 3 mors. + commendare. 

5 When the same person or thing is referred to in both the 
main and the subordinate clause, this subject of discourse 
should be placed first, with the subordinate clause immediately 
following. This arrangement makes the subject of discourse a 
part of the main clause; e.g. Romani, cum venissent, castra 
posuerunt. The English usage is different, *‘ When the Romans 
came, they pitched a camp.”’ 

5 capere. 8 fides. 

7 discedere. 9 Numquam or nusquam ? 


46 Latin Composition — Part LI. 


EXERCISE 38. 


Arriving! at my province on July 31, and seeing 
that on account of the season of the year I must pro- 
ceed at once to the army, I remained? at Laodicea 
only two days, and four at Apamea. In these ® cities 
large circuit courts were held,* and I relieved many 
towns of excessive taxation. And since before my 
arrival the army had been scattered by a mutiny, and 
five cohorts were encamped near Philomelium with- 
out a military tribune or even a centurion, I ordered 
Marcus Annaeus, my lieutenant, a man of valor,’ to 
bring back the cohorts at Philomelium, and after con- 
centrating® his forces to encamp in Lycaonia near 
Iconium. When this order‘ had been conscientiously 
executed by him, I arrived in camp on August 24. 
A few days later messengers of King Antiochus an- 
nounced that the Parthians had come over into Syria. 
Hearing this, I was much alarmed not only for Syria, 
but also for my own province. 








1 With cum antecedence of action is carefully indicated by 
tense. With postquam, ubi, and similar words the tense use is 
much less exact, the perfect and historical present being most 
used. A like inexactness is common in English; thus, in the 
present case, we might paraphrase by ‘‘ After I arrived,’’ instead 
of using the more precise form ‘‘ After (or when) I had 
arrived’’; B. 287; A. 324 (543) ; G. 561; H. 602. 

2 esse. 

3 Tn a new sentence Latin often resumes with a relative, 
though we regularly use a demonstrative, as here. If the word 
belongs to a subordinate clause of the new sentence, it precedes 
the conjunction, e.g. Quae cum ita sint. 

4 Omit. 

5 Consult carefully B. 203; A. 215 (345) ; G. 865; H. 440. 3. 

6 Lit. collect into one place. 


Latin Composition — Part I. 47 


EXERCISE 39. 


As Caesar was hastening to Cicero’s camp, Crassus 
and Fabius joined him with all of their forces. But 
Labienus did not venture to come, fearing that if he 
should take a departure! which? appeared” like flight 
from his winter quarters, he would not be able to 
resist the attack of the enemy, especially as he knew 
they ® were elated by recent victory. He, moreover, 
sent a letter to Caesar setting forth with what great 
danger he would lead forth* his troops from winter 
quarters, and announced that all of the cavalry and 
foot-soldiers of the Treviri had taken a position? not 
far from his own camp. Caesar approved his policy,® 
and although he was now reduced to‘ two legions by 
the absence of Labienus, he placed all hope of success 
in quick action. And so by forced * marches he came 
into the territory of the Nervi, where Cicero’s winter 
quarters were. There he learned from captives how 
matters stood ® with Cicero and in what great danger 
he was. Then by promising a large reward he per- 
suaded one of the Gallic horsemen to carry a letter to 
the camp. 





1 Change to passive ; lit. departure should be made. 

2 Omit. 

3 praesertim with a relative clause. 

4 A. 334, a (575. a); G. 515; H. 649. 11. 1. 

5 considere. 

6 consilium. How different in meaning from conciliwm? 
7 redire ad. 

8 magnus. 

9 Lit. what was taking place (gerere). 


48 Latin Composition — Part I. 


EXERCISE 40. 


The battle began’ with great enthusiasm? on the 
part * of the Rhodians; and although in every engage- 
ment * they had been preéminent’ for skill and valor, 
at this time especially they did not hesitate ® to assume 
the whole responsibility, so that no’ reverse might 
appear to have been sustained through fault of their 
men. One galley of the Alexandrians was captured 
and another sunk; furthermore a great number of 
warriors * were killed on the other? ships. And it is 
certain that if night had not stopped the fight, the 
Rhodians would have captured the whole of the 
enemy’s fleet. The Alexandrians were much discour- 
aged by this reverse, realizing that they had been 
overcome not by the valor of the warriors, but by the 
skill of the sailors.” But after Ganymedes gave as- 
surance in the council that he would replace the ships 
that had been destroyed" and would increase their 
number, with great hope and confidence they deter- 
mined to refit their old ships, although they had lost 
more than” ninety galleys ® during the war. 





1 committere. 

2 contentio. £ dimicatio. 

3 Omit. 5 nraestare. 

6 Distinguish between dubitare with the infinitive and non 
dubitare quin with the subjunctive. 

7 The indefinite quis is rare, but it is regularly used after s?, 
ne, and num. Remember that the forms quis, quae, quid and 
their compounds (e.g. aliquis) are nouns, while gui, quae, quod 
are adjectives. 

8 propugnator. °% Alii, ceteri, or reliqui? © classiarius. 

 Perire supplies a passive for perdere. 

12 B. 217. 8; A. 247. c (407. c); G. 296. n.4; H. 471. 4. 

18 triremis. 


Latin Composition — Part II 49 
Pp 


EXERCISE 41. 


Stirred! more by Caesar’s danger than his own, and 
thinking that he would not” come off® safely if he 
should again ask for the terms he had rejected, 
Domitius led forth his army in battle array to meet * 
Pharnaces. At about’ the same time the signal was 
given by both, and they rushed together, fighting 
fiercely and with varying fortune.’ Finally the 
king’s’ forces prevailed,’ and Domitius withdrew to 
the foot of the mountains; thither Pharnaces could 
not follow him on account of the unfavorable nature 
of the country. On that day the Romans lost not 
less than two hundred and fifty men. Then the king, 
puffed up by his success, occupied Pontus with all his 
forces, stormed many cities, and decreed punishment 
for® those who least deserved” it. Meanwhile he was 
boasting that he had regained Pontus, the kingdom of 
his fathers, with no one” defending it. For Domi- 
tius, after suffering the reverse above mentioned,” had 
gathered together the remnants of his scattered army 
and betaken himself through Cappadocia into Asia. 





1 cum-clause. 

2 When of two coérdinate clauses the second is negative, 
Latin prefers to unite the negation with the connective, e.g. 
neque instead of et... non. See B. 341. 1. d and 2. d; A. 
209. b (828) ; G. 446; H. 656. 4 and 5. 

3 discedere. *Omit. ® swb with the accusative. ° varie. 

7 Latin often uses an adjective instead of the genitive. Here 
regius may be used, and below paternus (‘‘ of his fathers’’). 

8 vincere ; distinguish from vincire. 

9 constituere in. 

10 dignus. 

1 Remember that nemo is defective. 

12 Lit. of which I have just made mention, 


50 Latin Composition — Part II. 


EXERCISE 42. 


With promise! of a large reward, Scipio sent two 
Gaetuli with whom he had often had dealings? into 
Caesar’s camp as* refugees to spy* upon him.’ But 
as soon as they were brought before Caesar they 
begged that they be allowed to speak without peril. 
And when this permission was granted, they said,° 
“ Very often, general, many of us Gaetuli have desired 
to flee to you; but we were hindered by the guard of 
Numidian cavalry from’ doing this without danger. 
Now when the opportunity has been offered, we have 
come to you most eagerly, though sent by Scipio as 
spies to see whether * any ditches or traps ® have been 
made for the elephants in front of your camp.” When 
they had been praised by Caesar, they were led to the 
other refugees.” And very quickly the event proved 
the truth of their words;" for the next day many 
others of the Gaetuli fled” to the camp of Caesar. 





1 Not noun. 2 agere cum. 3 pro. 

4 Use gratia. For the position of this word and of causa, see 
B 1982 1); (A 245. ¢ 404. (c) 5 (Ge dive. Re Ls Hib. 2 

5 Omit. 

® Inquam is the verb most used with direct quotations. It 
translates many English verbs, such as say, exclaim (not excla- 
mare), shout, cry, respond (sometimes respondere), etc. It is 
almost without exception parenthetical, coming after one or 
more words of the quotation. If the subject of the verb is to be 
expressed, it should precede the quotation or follow inquam in 
the parenthesis. 

7 quin. 

5 In indirect questions the force of nwm is neutral. 

® insidiae. 

10 perfuga. 

Lit. truth approved their speech. 

12 Distinguish between fugere and fugare. 


Latin Composition — Part II. at 


EXERCISE 43. 


While this! was going on in Egypt, king Deiotarus 
came to Domitius Calvinus, to whom Caesar had en- 
trusted the administration * of Asia and the neighbor- 
ing provinces, to beg him not to allow Armenia and 
Cappadocia to be seized and devastated by Pharnaces ; 
for unless he were liberated from this impending? 
misfortune, he would be unable* to perform the com- 
mands of Caesar and to pay the money promised. 
Domitius, thinking not only that the money was nec- 
essary to meet’ the expenses of the military service, 
but also that it was disgraceful for the Roman people 
and for Caesar and for himself that territory of allies 
and friends should be invaded by an unfriendly ° king, 
sent messengers to Pharnaces in Armenia,’ warning ® 
him to leave that state and Cappadocia, and not to 
make trial of the power’ of the Roman people. And 
thinking that this message would have greater weight 
if he should approach that locality with an army, he 
proceeded to the legions, and, taking several with him- 
self, sent two to Caesar in Egypt. 








1 The rule laid down in Exercise 38, note 3, does not apply to 
dum ; begin the sentence Dum haec. 

2 Not noun; B. 387.7. b. 2; A. 294. d (500.4); G. 430. n.1; 
H. 622. 

3 Omit. 

4 The present of posse is sufficient. 

5 explicare. 

® externus. 

7 After a verb of motion the proper construction must be 
used, even though the idea of limit of motion has already been 
expressed in the sentence; B. 182. 2. b; A. 259. h (428.7); G. 
337. Rk. 6; H. 418. 1. 

8 Distinguish between the singular and plural of vis. 


52 Latin Composition — Part Tl. 


EXERCISE 44. 


The soldiers of Labienus broke camp designedly 
with much noise and confusion, so that the enemy 
might believe that they were retreating in terror. 
Hearing this and seeing the rear-guard marching out 
from the fortifications, the Gauls did not hesitate to 
cross the river and offer? battle on unfavorable ground. 
For they thought? it too long® to wait for the Ger- 
man contingent,! and that their dignity did not suffer 
them to decline® to attack so® small a force, especially 
one that was encumbered and retreating. Suspecting 
that this would be the case,’ Labienus advanced 
quietly, keeping up® the pretence of a journey in order 
that he might entice all across the river. Then send- 
ing the baggage a little ahead and placing it on a certain 
height, he said: “Soldiers, you have the opportunity 
you have been looking for. Do you therefore show® 
under my leadership” the same valor which you have 
often displayed to Caesar, and fancy that he is present 
and sees these things in person.” When he had said 
this, he at once ordered the standards turned against 
the enemy. 





1 committere. 

2 The indirect discourse may be indicated without expressing 
a verb of thinking. 

3 longus. 

4 auevilia. 

5 non audere. 

6 Tam indicates degree, and hence should be used to modify 
adjectives and adverbs. Jta and sic (usually denoting manner) 
are best restricted to use with verbs. 

7 Omit. 

8 uti. 

9 praestare. 10 Not abstract. 


Latin Composition — Part IME 53 


EXERCISE 45. 


When Dionysius had pillaged the shrine of Proser- 
pina, he sailed to Syracuse in Sicily, and holding to? 
his course with a most favorable wind he said, smiling, 
“Do you see, friends, how” good a voyage is granted 
to the impious by the immortal gods?” Being thus 
persuaded that® the gods regard not the actions* of 
men, he thereafter resolutely held to the same opinion. 
For! when he had brought his fleet to the Pelopon- 
nesus and had come into the shrine of Olympian Jove, 
he took from him’ a very heavy® golden robe which 
had been presented by the tyrant Gelo out of the 
spoils of the Carthaginians. In so doing’ he even 
remarked with levity ® that the golden robe was too 
heavy ® to wear in summer and too cold in winter, and 
cast about Jove a woollen garment, saying that it was 
suited to every season of the year. And likewise he 
gave orders that the golden beard of Aesculapius be 
cut off, for he said! it was not fitting that the son 
should have a beard" while his father was represented 
as! beardless in all the shrines. 





1 Omit. 

2 Ut, quem ad modum, and quo modo express manner, and 
hence are used with verbs. Quam expresses degree, and there- 
fore should be employed to translate ‘‘ how ’’ with adjectives and 
adverbs. 

8 Distinguish between being persuaded that a thing is so and 
being persuaded to do a thing. 

+ Clause. 

5 B. 188. d; A. 229 (381); G. 345. k. 1; H. 429. 2. 

6 Lit. of great (grandis) weight. 

Tin eo. 8 cavillari. 

9B. 284.4; A. 820. c (535. c); G. 631. 3; H. 570. 1. 

0 barbatus esse. 


54 Latin Composition — Part IT. 


EXERCISE 46. 


And not even those promises are to be kept which 
are not in themselves useful to those to whom you? 
have made them.” When the Sun said to Phaéthon 
that he would do whatever he asked, he requested to 
be elevated into his father’s chariot, and was taken up ; 
but he was consumed ® by a touch * of the thunderbolt. 
What of the fact that? when Agamemnon had vowed 
to Diana the most beautiful ® thing that had been born 
in his kingdom during a certain year, he was obliged 
to sacrifice Iphigenia, than whom? nothing more beau- 
tiful had been born in that year? A promise should 
rather not have been made than such a dire crime com- 
mitted.’ Accordingly promises should not be made 
sometimes.’ And goods held in trust’ ought™ not 
always to be returned; for if any one in his sound mind 
should leave with you” a sword, and then in insan- 
ity’ demand it back, it would be a crime to return it. 
Likewise if a man who had deposited money with you 
should make war on the fatherland, you should not 
give up the deposit. 





1 In almost any subordinate clause the subjunctive is to be 
used if the subject of the verb is the indefinite second singular. 

2 illa promittere. 4 ictus. 

3 deflagrare (active). 5 Quid, quod .... #2 

® Put the superlative in the relative clause. 

7 When of two things compared the first is in the nominative 
or the accusative, generally either the ablative or the quam- 
construction may be used. But in sweeping negations and 
questions equivalent thereto the ablative is regularly employed. 

8 admittere. 

® Non numquam or non nusquam ? 

10 deposita. 2 deponere apud te. 

1 Gerundive. 13 insanire. 


Latin Composition— Part II. 55 


EXERCISE 47. 


On the next day Curio, Caesar’s lieutenant, decided 
to besiege Utica and to surround it with a wall. The 
Uticans, very friendly to Caesar in view of? certain 
favors shown? to them, at once began * to talk openly 
of surrender, and urged Publius Attius, their comman- 
der, not to endanger the fortunes of them? all by his 
obstinacy. While this was taking place, messengers 
came from King Juba to the Uticans to say that he 
was near at hand‘ with large forces, and to encourage® 
them with reference to the defence of the city. This 
announcement made them change their plan. Mean- 
while the same news was brought to Curio, but he could 
not for a time be persuaded that Juba was approach- 
ing; for already Caesar’s successes were being reported 
by letter and messenger. However, when he learned 
on good® authority’ that the king’s forces were less 
than twenty-five miles from Utica, he left the earth- 
works and retired to the Castra Cornelia. To this 
place he ordered grain brought together, and at once 
despatched to Sicily orders” that two legions and the 
remaining horsemen should be sent to him. 





1 pro. 

2 Omit. 

’ Not the perfect of incipere ; see Vocabulary. 
4 adesse. 

5 hortart. 

® certus. 

7 Not abstract (auctor). 


56 Latin Composition — Part II. 


EXERCISE 48. 


Dionysius himself judged truly how wretched he 
was. For when Damocles, one of his courtiers,’ was 
enumerating his resources and wealth and power, and 
declared that no” one had ever been more fortunate, 
he said, “Since this life of mine*® pleases you, would 
you like to partake of * it and test my good? fortune ?” 
When he replied that he would,® the king ordered the 
man to take his place’ upon a golden couch, and gave 
directions to lads of handsome appearance to stand 
near the table and serve him diligently. There were 
ointments and garlands, perfumes were burning, and 
the table groaned * with a lavish® feast. It seemed” 
to Damocles that he was blest. But now Dionysius 
ordered that a gleaming sword fastened by a horsehair 
should be hung" from the ceiling in such a way that 
it threatened ” the happy Damocles. And so he forgot 
the beautiful slaves, and no longer stretched forth his 
hand to the table. Finally he begged the king to allow 
him to go, because, as he said,’ he did not want to be 
“happy.” 





1 adsentator. 

2 Combine the negative with the verb of saying. 

3 Hic is the demonstrative of the first person. Cf. Exer- 
cise 12, note 4. 

4 dequstare. 5 Omit. 6 Lit. that he desired (cupere). 

7 collocari. 8 exstrut. ® conquisitissimus. 

10 Tn the simple tenses the passive of verbs of saying, announc- 
ing, perceiving, etc., is generally personal, but not when fol- 
lowed by a dative (excepting videri) ; the perfect tenses, on the 
contrary, prefer the impersonal construction. B. 382. n; A. 
330. b. 1 (582); G. 528; H. 611. 

1 demittere. 12 impendere. 

13 B, 286. 1; A. 321 (540); G. 540, 541; H. 588. 


Latin Composition — Part LE: 5T 


EXERCISE 49. 


Therefore, gods of our fathers,' who guard? this city 
and state, who preserved * the Roman people and these 
dwellings and temples by your divine power in my 
consulship, I call you to witness that I am speaking 
in defence’ of Publius Sulla with perfect honesty,’ 
that no wrong is by me knowingly ° concealed, that no 
crime undertaken for the destruction’ of the common- 
wealth is covered up.* When I was consul I found 
out much about the peril of the state; but of Sulla I 
heard nothing, I suspected nothing, I learned nothing. 
I have therefore undertaken his defence; for who is 
more pitiful than 1? Though I was severe with® the 
conspirators, I did nothing unless forced to it,” but 
hastened to aid the tottering state and rescued our 
sinking" fatherland. Moved by pity for our citizens 
I was stern as was necessary. For you well know 
that our security would have vanished in a single 
night, had I not been severe. But just as through love 
for the state I was moved to the punishment of the 
suilty, so by natural inclination * I am now led to the 
defence of the innocent. 





1 See Exercise 41, note 7. 7 Lit. against the safety. 
2 praesidere. 8 tegere. 

8 servare. 9 vehemens in. 

4 causam defendere. 10 Omit. 

5 animus integer. 1l demersus. 


§ sciens. 12 yoluntas. 


58 Latin Composition — Part II. 


EXERCISE 50. 


When the army had been concentrated and a camp 
made near Corduba, Cassius disclosed to the soldiers 
what he must do at Caesar’s command, promising 
that when they had crossed over into Mauretania he 
would give them each a hundred sesterces. After’ the 
speech he returned to Corduba, and as he was entering 
a portico a petition? was presented to him by a certain 
Minucius Silo; and when he (Silo) by this means had 
gotten behind Racilius, who was guarding Cassius’ per- 
son,’ he struck Cassius twice with a dagger. Thereupon 
a shout was raised, and an onslaught made by the 
others who were in the conspiracy. Of these Munatius 
Flaccus pierced the nearest lictor with his sword, and 
wounded Cassius himself. Then with like boldness? 
Titus Vasius lent aid® to his townsman Flaceus. Sol- 
diers rushed? in to defend Cassius ; for he always had 
with him several armed men. By these the other 
conspirators, who were pressing on with murderous 
intent,® were checked. Munatius was captured as he 
tried to flee,’ and when Cassius had been carried 
home” he was brought before him. 





1 ex. ° considentia. 

2 libellus. § adiuvare. 

3 latus. 7 concurrere (impersonal). 
4 coniurali. 8 Lit. to commit murder. 


9B. 386. 2.a; A. 290. a. 2 (490. 2) ; H. 530. 
10 Could the ablative absolute construction be used here? 
See Exercise 11, note 1. 


Latin Composition — Part II. 59 


EXERCISE 51. 


All writers agree that Dionysius was by nature a 
wicked and unjust man. Therefore to those who 
hold the true view! he must appear most wretched. 
For he did not have the things he had desired, even at 
the time when he thought he possessed all power.’ 
While he had many * acquaintances and relatives, he 
trusted none of them, but committed the protection of 
his person to certain fierce barbarians. Nay even, 
to avoid trusting his head to a barber, he taught his 
daughters to cut‘ his hair and beard. And likewise, 
not daring to stand upon ordinary ° platforms, he used 
to make addresses® from a lofty tower. And it is 
said that once when he wished’ to play ball, he 
handed his sword to a youth of whom he was very 
fond.’ Thereupon a friend remarked in jest, “ You 
are putting your life in his hands.” And when the 
youth smiled, he felt constrained to order both exe- 
cuted, the one because he had pointed out a way of 
assassinating him, the other because he had approved 
the speech with a smile. 





1B, 118. 2.c; A. 235. b (878. 1); G. 863; H. 4265. 4. 

2 omnia posse. 

3 abundare. 

+ tondere. 

5 communis. 

§ contionari. 

7 For the sequence, see B. 268. 2; A. 336. B. n. 2 (585. a); 
G. 518; H. 6548. 

8 amare. 


60 Latin Composition — Part Jw hs 


EXERCISE 52. 


Having gained possession of Pompey’s camp, Caesar 
begged the soldiers not’ to busy themselves with 
plunder and thus * lose the opportunity of finishing the 
rest of the business. When they yielded this point,’ 
he decided to surround with a wall the hill upon 
which the Pompeians had taken refuge. They, how- 
ever, because of the lack of water, began to withdraw 
toward‘ Larissa. When Caesar noticed this, divid- 
ing his forces he commanded a part of the legions to 
remain in Pompey’s camp, a part he sent back to his 
own camp, and taking four legions with him he 
advanced six miles and drew up his line. Thereupon 
the Pompeians came to a halt upon another hill, 
below which a stream was running.’ Then encourag- 
ing his soldiers, Caesar gave orders that the hill be 
cut off from the river by means of a fortification, 
although the men were weary with the unbroken ® 
labor of a whole day, and night was now approaching. 
This was done that the enemy might not be able to 
secure water’ during the night. When the work was 
finished the Pompeians did not try to capture it, but 
sent ambassadors and began to sue for peace. 





1 q militibus contendere ne. 

2 Omit. 

8 Lit. this request (res) being granted (impetratus). 

4 versus. For order, see B. 141. 2; A. 345. a (599. a)seGe 
418. 5.1; H.'676: 

5 subluere. 

6 continens. 

7 aquart. 


Latin Composition — Part Ll. 61 


EXERCISE 53. 


After Vercingetorix learned of Caesar’s arrival, un- 
certain at first whether to move or not,’ he finally gave 
up the siege and set out to meet? Caesar. The latter 
had begun to assail a town of the Bituriges on his 
route, by name Noviodunum. When legates had come 
from this city to beg that he would pardon them and 
spare their lives, he ordered that arms be brought out, 
horses led forth, and hostages given. After a part of 
the hostages had been delivered, and centurions with 
a few soldiers had been sent into the city to look up® 
arms and horses, the cavalry of the enemy, which had 
outstripped * Vercingetorix’s army, was seen in the dis- 
tance. As soon as the townspeople caught sight of this 
and conceived a hope? of aid, they raised a shout and 
began to seize arms, close the gates, and man® the 
walls. When the centurions perceived’ that some new 
plan was entertained* by the Gauls they drew their 
swords, occupied the gates, and recovered all their men 
in safety. 





1 Jn a double direct question annon is the negative for the 
second member ; in the indirect it is necne. 


2 obviam. 6 Lit. fill. 
3 conquirere. 7 sentire. 
* antecedere. 8 inire. 


5 Lit. came into hope. 


62 Latin Composition — Part I. 


EXERCISE 54. 


Now after Romulus had reigned thirty-seven years, 
he was so highly esteemed? that when, after a sudden 
darkening? of the sun, he was not to be found,’ it was 
believed that he had been transferred to* the number 
of the gods —an impression’ which * would never have 
gained currency’ had he not been a man of transcen- 
dent* abilities. In his case® this is the more to be 
wondered at, because others who are said to have been 
changed” from men to gods lived in ruder”™ ages, 
whereas the life” of Romulus happened at ™ a period 
in which Greece was already full of poets, and less 
confidence was reposed“ in fables. But such was the 
force of his character ” that his citizens believed Julius 
Proculus when he said that at night he had seen Romu- 
lus on the hill called Quirinalis, and that he had com- 
manded him to entreat the people that a shrine should 
be erected to him (Romulus) on that hill; for he was 
now a god, and his name was Quirinus—a thing which 
in many preceding” generations would not have been 
believed of any other mortal, and which the early 
Romans should not have believed of him. 


1 Lit. attained so great glory. 

2 Not abstract. 

3 comparere. : 

4 collocatus in. 5 opinio. 

6 The antecedent, being an appositive, should be incorpo- 
rated in the relative clause; B. 251. 4.b; A. 201. d (807. e) ; 
G. 616. 2; cf. H. 399. 6. 


7 valere. 10 factus. 13 cadere in. 
Seximius. minus eruditus. ™ haberi. 6 fiert. 
Sin eo. 12 qetas. 15 virtus. Vitam ante. 


18 For the tense of the infinitive, see B. 270. 2; A. 288. a 
(486. a); G. 280. 2. b; H. 618. 2. 


Latin Composition — Part II. 63 


EXERCISE 55. 


Therefore, seeing that the forces of the Parthians 
had been turned aside from Cappadocia and were not 
far from the borders of Cilicia, by forced marches I 
brought my army to Mt. Amanus. On my arrival at 
this place I learned that the enemy had withdrawn 
and that Bibulus was at Antioch. I therefore at once 
notified Deiotarus, who was on his way to meet! me 
with all his forces, that there seemed to be no need? 
for him to leave his kingdom, and that if there should 
chance* to be any new developments! I would inform 
him by letter. And since I had left Rome with the 
intention’ of benefiting ® Cappadocia and Cilicia if cir- 
cumstances should permit,’ I proceeded then to execute 
a plan® which I had before decided was greatly ® to 
the interest of both provinces, namely, that of redue- 
ing” Mt. Amanus. And so the army was made ready 
for battle, my brother being in charge of some troops,! 
Gaius Pomptinus, my lieutenant, of others, and Marcus 
Anneius and Lucius Tullius of the rest. 





1 Omit. 6 subvenire. 

2 non esse causa cur. 7 tempus ita ferre. 
3 forte. 8 id. 

4 Lit. would send a letter. 9 vehementer. 


5 €0 animo. 10 Infinitive (pacare). 


64 Latin Composition — Part LT. 


EXERCISE 56. 


Not knowing whether reinforcements were on the 
way or not, Vercingetorix decided to send away all his 
horsemen before the Romans should complete the 
works! about Alesia, where he was being besieged by 
Caesar. When they were ready to depart, he gave 
orders that each man? should visit his own state and 
gather for the war all those who could bear arms. He 
rehearsed* his own services‘ to them and begged that 
they would consider’ his safety and not give him up 
to the Romans to be tortured. If they were remiss,® 
he declared that eighty thousand’ men would perish 
with him. Having given these commands, he sent 
away the horsemen at the second watch. When this 
was learned from refugees and captives, Caesar hastened 
to complete the siege-works. While this was being 
done, the Gauls called a council and decided not to 
send all who could bear arms, as Vercingetorix had 
advised, but a certain number to be levied’ from each 
state. These, collected into an army, set out eagerly 
and full of confidence for Alesia, and no one of them 
thought that the Romans would be able to stand 
against’ even the sight of such a multitude. 





1 munitio. 8 indiligentior. 

2 Omit. 7 Milia is noun, mille usually adjective. 
8 proponere. 8 imperare. 

4 meritum. 9 Dative. 


5 rationem habere. 1° sustinere. 


Latin Composition — Part Ll. 65 


EXERCISE 57. 


King Juba after fleeing from the battle came into 
the neighborhood of! Zama, where he had his home 
and wives and children. But the townspeople, who 
had heard a rumor of Caesar’s victory, would not ad- 
mit? him. At first he treated? with them as a king,‘ 
and then when he realized that he was accomplishing 
nothing® he entreated them with prayers to admit him 
to his own household gods. But finding that they 
were firm® in purpose,’ he begged them to give over 
to him his wives and children. Not even this was 
granted. Meantime the citizens of Zama * sent ambas- 
sadors to Caesar at Utica about this matter, urging 
him to send them aid before Juba could gather a force 
and besiege them. Caesar praised the messengers and 
bade them go on ahead® and announce his coming. 
On the next day, as he was leaving Utica, many leaders 
of the king’s forces came and begged him to pardon 
them. Granting forgiveness to these suppliants, he 
came to Zama and relieved the inhabitants of the 
place” of fear and danger. 





1B. 182.3; A. 258. b. n. 2 (428. a); G. 887. zn. 4; H. 418. 4. 
2 oppido prohibere. 


3 agere. 7 sententia. 
4 pro tmperio. 8 Zamenses. 
5 parum. 9 antecedere. 


8 perstare. 10 oppidani. 


66 Latin Composition — Part LI. 


EXERCISE 58. 


When Vercingetorix returned to his men he was 
accused of treachery! by the Gauls, who thought that 
he preferred to have command of Gaul by Caesar’s 
concession rather than by their gift. But he declared 
that he was unwilling to accept any power from Caesar 
which he could gain by victory, —which latter* was 
now assured,’ — and added,’ “That you may see that 
I am saying this honestly, listen to the Roman 
soldiers.” He thereupon brought forward slaves 
whom he had captured a few days before and tortured 
with hunger and imprisonment. These, already in- 
formed beforehand what to say when asked, declared 
that they were legionary soldiers; that, impelled by 
hunger and poverty, they had secretly gone forth 
from camp to see* if they might find some grain or 
meat;® that all the army was distressed’ by similar 
want, and no one’s strength*® was sufficient for the 
labor. “These,” declared Vercingetorix, “are the 
benefits which you have from me whom you accuse of 
treachery, by whose efforts,? without shedding” your 
blood, you see this great and victorious Roman army 
almost destroyed ” by starvation. 








1 proditio. 8 exploratus. 

2 Omit. 4 inquit. 

5 B. 300. 3; A. 334. f (576. a); G. 460; H. 649. 11, 3. 
8 necus. 


7 premere. 

8 See Exercise 43, note 8, 
9 opera. 

10 consumptus. 


Latin Composition — Part II. 67 


EXERCISE 59. 


Meanwhile, many from the rout reached Utica. All 
these Cato called together and urged them to defend 
the city. When he saw that a part agreed, but that the 
rest desired to flee, he said nothing further’ about the 
matter, but? distributed ships to them so that each? 
might go in the direction he wished. As for himself,‘ 
after carefully settling all business® and entrusting 
his children to Lucius Caesar, he retired, but secretly 
carried a sword into his room and with it stabbed 
himself. And® when they rushed’ into his chamber, 
and the physicians and his friends began to bind up 
the wound, with his own hands he very roughly * tore 
it open again,’ and thereby ° killed himself. Although 
the Uticans hated him because of” his party," never- 
theless they buried him with honors” because he had 
been very different from the other leaders, and because 
he had adorned Utica with splendid works. When 
he was dead, Lucius Caesar convened the people and 
urged them to open the gates; for he said® he had 
great hope in the clemency of Gaius Caesar. And so, 
when the gates were opened, he set out from Utica 
and proceeded to meet ™ the victor. 








1 agere amplius desistere. 8 crudeliter. 

2 -que. 9 divellere. 

3 See Exercise 35, note 9. 10 gratia. 

4 ipse (Nominative). 11 partes. 

5 res, 22 sepultura ornatissima adficere. 
6 Omit. 13 obviam. 


T concurrere (impersonal). 


68 Latin Composition — Part II. 
'} 


EXERCISE 60. 


The greater part of the enemy were caught and 
killed by our soldiers. And there was no one who 
cared for’ plunder. Nay even they spared not women 
or children, or those broken by age. In fine,? of all 
the enemy who, at hearing the first shout, had rushed 
forth from the city, scarcely eight hundred succeeded 
in reaching*® Vercingetorix. These he received secretly 
late * at night, fearing that some sedition would arise 
in camp if they were allowed to enter openly and dis- 
pirit’ his soldiers by their pitiful appearance. On the 
next day he called them to a council and urged them 
to be of good courage ® and not to be disturbed by the 
reverse, saying’ that it was* not by valor that the 
Romans had won, but through their skill in siege 
operations,? a thing of which they themselves (the 
Gauls) knew little; that they were mistaken if they 
expected every happening in the war to be favorable 
to themselves;* and that he had never approved ™ 
defending the town which they had lost, but that it 
was through the imprudence of the Bituriges and the 
excessive compliance ” of the rest that the repulse had 
been sustained. 


1 studere. 


2 denique. 5 debilitare. 
3 pervenire ad. 5 non se animo demittere. 
4 multus. 7 Omit. 


8 This device in English accomplishes the same end as em- 
phatie position in Latin. 

® oppugnatio. 11 Use placere. 

10 jmperitus esse. 12 obsequentia. 


Latin Composition — Part LT 69 


EXERCISE 61. 


As the siege became daily ' more serious and distress- 
ing, so much the more” frequently*® did Cicero send 
messengers to Caesar. A part of these were caught by 
the enemy in the sight of our soldiers and put to death 
with torture. Within our camp, however, there was a 
Gallic slave who had fled‘ to Cicero at the first attack 
and had shown the greatest loyalty’ to him. He was 
persuaded by the hope of liberty and large rewards 
to carry a letter to Caesar; and fastening it within a 
spear (-shaft) he reached Caesar in safety. For, be- 
ing® a Gaul, he mixed with’ the Gallic enemies with- 
out exciting® any suspicion. On the receipt * of this 
letter at about five o’clock, Caesar immediately sent a 
messenger to Marcus Crassus, whose winter quarters 
were distant twenty-five miles, and bade him lead 
forth his legion at midnight and come to him with all 
speed.® He sent a like order to the rest of his lieuten- 
ants, and in the meantime made every preparation * 
to” relieve ™ Cicero. 





1 Distinguish between cotidie and in dies. 7 versari inter. 
2 quanto .. . tanto. 8 Not abstract. 
3 See Exercise 36, note 7. 9 celeriter. 

4 profugere. 10 ad. 

5 fidem praestare. ll swbvenire. 


6 Omit. 


70 Latin Composition — Part I. 


EXERCISE 62. 


Thinking that these quarrels concerned! the Roman 
people and himself, Caesar indicated his desire? that 
Ptolomaeus and his sister Cleopatra should disband 
the armies they had, and fight it out® before him by 
law rather than between themselves by arms. <A 
eunuch by name Pothinus was in charge‘ of the king- 
dom on account of the youth’ of Ptolomaeus. He at 
first began to complain among his friends and to make 
a show of indignation ® that the king had been sum- 
moned to Caesar to plead his case ; then, finding among 
the retainers‘ of the king certain assistants in his plan, 
he secretly concentrated an army at Alexandria,’ and 
put in command of all the forces the same Achillas, of 
whom mention was made above. Inspiring® him with 
his own promises and those of the king, Pothinus made 
known by letter and messages what he wished done. 
And so it happened that while the discussion was 
going on” before Caesar about the kingdom, and he was 
trying" to settle the dispute of the rulers,” suddenly 
it was announced that the army of the king was 
approaching. 








1 nertinere ad. 


2 Not abstract. £ procuratio. 
8 decertare. 5 aetas. 

6 indignari with infinitive construction. 

7 amicus. 

8 Note the idea of motion in the verb. 

9 incitare. 11 yelle. 


10 agere de (impersonal). 2 reg. 


Latin Composition — Part Tl. cL 


EXERCISE 68. 


To the assembled Gauls Vercingetorix said that he 
would make good their reverses by greater successes ; ' 
for he would unite all the states and make the policy 
of the whole of ? Gaul one, a union which not even the 
world could resist ; and that he had already almost ac- 
complished this. Inthe meantime he bade them in the 
interest of? the common safety to fortify the camp, in 
order that* they might the more easily resist sudden 
attacks of the enemy. This speech was not unaccept- 
able to the Gauls, and especially ° because their leader, 
after experiencing so great a reverse, had not lost 
courage nor hidden himself from® the sight of the 
multitude. And Vercingetorix did not strive less than 
he had promised to unite the remaining states, and he 
tried? to win over their leaders by gifts and promises. 
For this business he chose suitable men, each of whom 
could most easily deceive by crafty speech and feigned 
friendship. 





1 commodum. 

2 totus. 

3 causa. 

4 Note the comparative in the purpose clause. 
5 maxime. 

6 fugere. 

7 Express by tense. 


12 Latin Composition — Part I. 


EXERCISE 64 


In this rout Fabius Paelignus, a soldier of Curio’s 
army, pressing hard? the line of the fugitives,’ with 
aloud voice called by name Varus the leader of the 
enemy in such a way that it should appear that he 
was one of his soldiers and wished to give him some 
warning.» When Varus, called repeatedly, looked 
back and stopped, and asked who he was and* what 
he wished, Fabius aimed at* his unprotected shoulder 
with his sword and lacked little® of killing Varus. 
This danger, however, the latter avoided by raising 
his shield, and Fabius was surrounded by the nearest 
soldiers and cut down. Meanwhile the fleeing multi- 
tude of the enemy blocked the way and crowded the 
gates of the camp, and more perished there without 
a wound than in the battle or the rout; and they did 
not lack much’ of being dislodged also from their 
camp. As a matter of fact, some without stopping ® 
fled directly into the nearest town. But Curio with- 
drew his victorious *® forces, because the nature of the 
country was unfavorable, and his soldiers lacked the 
appliances which are used” for storming camps. 


1 wrgere. 2 fugiens. 

8 Not abstract. Monere may take two accusatives if one is a 
neuter pronoun. 

4 In a series of hurried questions, Latin often uses aut as the 
connective. 

5 adpetere. 7 Impersonal. 

6 naulum abesse. 8 eodem cursu. 

9 victor. What is the feminine of this noun used as an 
adjective ? 

10 The passive of the verb ‘‘ to use’’ may be rendered by usui 
esse or usurpari. 


Latin Composition — Part EF. 1633 


EXERCISE 65. 


Romulus called the city Rome after his own name, 
and to strengthen the commonwealth he employed a 
device novel! and somewhat unceremonious,” but that ° 
of a man who sees far into the future.* For when a 
great multitude had come to Rome on account of the 
games which® are called the Consualia, he ordered 
that Sabine girls of good family should be seized by 
the young men, so that he might give them in marriage 
to his own citizens. And though on account of this 
the Sabines made war on the Romans, at the request 
of the women who had been seized he concluded a 
treaty ® with Titus Tatius, king of the Sabines, on 
generous terms.’ By this treaty he received® the 
Sabines into citizenship and shared his power with 
their king. However, he judged that his state would 
be best governed if he should add to kingly power 
the influence of all the best® citizens, and he there- 
fore chose a body of leading men,” who were called 
“fathers” as a term of affection." Relying upon and 
as it were supported by these, he carried on wars 
successfully ” with his neighbors, and although he” 
brought none™ of the plunder to his own home, he 
ceased not to enrich the state. 





1 novus. 3 Omit. 

2 subagrestis. 4 longe prospicere. 

5 For the gender of the relative, see B. 250. 3; A. 199 (806) ; 
G. 614. r. 3 (6); H. 396. 2. 


6 foedus icere. 7 liberaliter. - § adsciscere. 
9B. 252. 5.c; A. 93. c (813. 6); G. 318.2; H. 515. 2. 
10 principes. 11 per caritatem. 12 feliciter. 


18 B, 249.2; A. 195. 1 (298. f); G. 311. 2; H. 509. 1. 
4 nihil. 


74 Latin Composition — Part II. 


EXERCISE 66. 


While this was taking place, Marcus Cato, who was 
in command of Utica, was sending daily to Scipio 
levies of freedmen, slaves, and Africans. In the 
meantime ambassadors came to Caesar from Thysdra, 
a city into which three thousand pecks! of grain had 
been brought by Italian traders and the farmers,’ and 
made known to him how large their? supply of grain 
was, at the same time begging him to send a guard 
that they might the more easily protect it and their 
other supplies. Caesar thanked them and said that in 
a short time a guard would be sent,‘ and with a word 
of encouragement® bade them return to their own 
citizens. Meanwhile his lieutenant, Publius Sittius, 
entering the territory of Numidia with all his forces, 
stormed a stronghold on a lofty hill, into which Juba 
had gathered grain and other things with the idea of § 
making war. Thereupon, after waiting a few days 
for his other troops to come up, Caesar advanced 
toward Rusipina. When this was noticed by Scipio, 
he led forth his army and halted less than four hun- 
dred paces from his camp. 





1 modius. 

2 arator. 

8 Use apud. 

* What are the peculiarities of the future passive infinitive ? 
5 cohortart. 

® causa. 


Latin Composition — Part LI. 105 


EXERCISE 67. 


When Scipio had said this, Manilius remarked: 
“Ts it reported truly that Numa was a pupil of 
Pythagoras himself or at any rate a Pythagorean ? 
For we have often heard this from our elders, and 
know that it is commonly so believed; and yet we see 
that it is not definitely established! by the proof? of 
publ records.”? Then Scipio rephed: “The whole 
thing* is false, Manilius, and not only fabricated,’ but 
even clumsily and absurdly so;* for in a lie those 
details* are unbearable which we not only see have 
been fabricated, but which we perceive’ could never 
have taken place. It is established that it was in 
the fourth year of the reign of Lucius Tarquinius 
Superbus® that Pythagoras came to Croton in Italy, 
whereas Numa had died about one hundred and forty 
years before.” ‘Well, well,”® said Manilius, “how 
mistaken” we have been! And yet I am not sorry” 
that Numa was wise in and for himself,” and that 
his achievements were not due to” knowledge” im- 
ported* across the sea.” 


1 satis constare. 4 Omit. 
2 son 5 
auctoritas. Jingere. 
3 annales. 6 Repeat the verb. 


7 It is not necessary to translate both ‘‘ perceive ’’ and ‘‘ see.’? 
8 Lit. Superbus reigning now the fourth year. 

® Di immortales. 

1 Use error. 

Ul facile pati with infinitive construction. 

12 ner se. 

18 Lit. brought about by. 

lt artes. 


76 Latin Composition — Part LL. 


EXERCISE 68. 


After taking Saguntum, Hannibal dreamed that he 
was summoned by Jove into a council of the gods; 
and that when he came thither they all ordered him to 
make war on Italy. Setting out therefore from Spain, 
he seemed in his dream to advance with his army, 
using as a guide’ a young man from the council of the 
gods. Though” he was warned by him not to look 
back he could not resist his curiosity,® but beheld 
in the rear a dreadful creature carrying along with 
itself a wreckage of trees and buildings. On inquir- 
ing of the god what* it meant,’ he learned that it was 
the devastation of Italy. They also relate that when 
Hamilear was besieging Syracuse he seemed to hear a 
voice proclaiming ® that he would dine in Syracuse the 
next day; that on the following’ day a serious * mutiny 
broke out in his camp between the Carthaginian and 
Sicilian soldiers; and that when the people of Syra- 
cuse perceived this they burst into the camp unex- 
pectedly and carried off Hamilcar alive. 


1 Use viam ostendere, making ‘uvenis the subject. 
2 Direct discourse. 

8 spectandi studium. 

4 quidnam. 

5 esse. 

6 Omit. 

T Lit. that. 

8 magnus. 


= 
aid 
< 
4 








PART III. 


—¢—_— 
EXERCISE 69. 


Our ancestors believed’ that no bond was stronger for 
securing a pledge” than® the taking of an oath. Mar- 
cus Pomponius, tribune of the people, brought accusa- 
tion against * Lucius Manlius, the son of Aulus, because, 
as he said,’ he had added a few days for the further ® 
exercise of his power as dictator.’ Manlius was also 
accused on the ground that* he had secluded his son 
from association with® men and ordered him to live in 
the country. When the young man heard this,’ it is 
said that he hurried to Rome and came at early dawn 
to the house of Pomponius. The latter," thinking” that 
the son was bringing some evidence ™ against his father, 


1 velle. 

2 fidem astringere. 

3 See Exercise 16, note 7. 

* diem dicere, with dative. 

5 See Exercise 48, note 13. 

6 Omit. 

* dictaturam gerere. 

8 quod. 

2 See Exercise 1, note 5. 

10 See Exercise 14, note 10. 

U Tf a pronoun is used here, consult Exercise 4, note 4. 

2 See Exercise 5, note 4. 

13 Lit. something. On the difference between aliquid and 
aliquod, see Exercise 14, note 7 end. 

79 


SO Latin Composition — Part TE: 


arose from his couch, and sending spectators away,” 
ordered the youth to come to him. But as soon as he 
entered, he drew his sword and swore that he would 
kill Pomponius if he did not take oath” that he would 
let his father go." Overcome by terror at this,” Pom- 
ponius took the oath and reported * the matter to the 
popular assembly,” explaining why it was necessary 
for him to drop the case.” Such power did the taking 
of an oath have * at this time. 





lt pemovere. 18 deferre. 
16 Lit. give to him. 19 populus. 
16 missum facere. 2° causa desistere. 


17 Use hic with the noun. 21 tantum valere. 


Latin Composition — Part III. 81 


EXERCISE 70. 


When Gaius Canius had betaken himself to Syra- 
cuse to lounge,! as he was wont to say, and not to work, 
he kept remarking that he wanted to buy some gar- 
dens to which he might invite his friends and where? 
he could take his ease.2 When this became noised 
abroad,‘ a certain Pythius, a money-lender’ of Syracuse, 
invited him to dinner in his gardens,° and arranged? 
that on that day many men should be fishing in a 
stream that flowed close by. When Canius saw the 
multitude of skiffs he said,® “ Pray what does this 
mean,’ Pythius?” And he replied, “ Whatever fishes 
there are in Syracuse are here. The fishermen cannot 
get along without this villa.” Canius, fired with cu- 
pidity, begged Pythius to sell. He, however, pretended 
to be unwilling, but at last consented and the business 
was transacted.” The next day Canius invited his 
friends, and came himself early. Seeing no boat, he 
asked the next-door neighbor " whether ” there was any 
holiday " of the fishers, because, as he said, he did not 
see any. “None, so faras I know,” ™ the other replied ; 
“but no one is in the habit of fishing here. And 
so | was wondering yesterday what had happened.” 
Canius was furious, but what was he to do ? 





1 otiari. 7 operam dare. 

2 See Exercise 3, note 8. 8 See Exercise 6, note 2. 
3 se oblectare. 9 esse. 

+ percrebescere. 0 res consicere. 

5 argentariam facere. ll proximus vicinus. 


6 Cf. Exercise 7, note 3. 

12 Tn indirect questions, the force of num is neutral. And 
see Exercise 14, note 7. 13 feriae. 

14 B. 283. 5; A. 320. d (535. d); G. 627. R. 1; H. 591. 3. 


82 Latin Composition — Part LL. 


EXERCISE 71. 


Those who were besieged at Alesia, not knowing 
what was taking place among the Haedui, called? an 
assembly and were deliberating about the outcome 
of their fortunes. Although many and varied senti- 
ments were expressed before? them, it seems that on 
account of its unparalleled and cold-blooded ® ferocity 
the speech of Critognatus should not be passed over 
in silence.t He, esteemed’ a man of great influence 
among the Averni, said: “I shall say nothing with 
regard to the proposition of those who call disgraceful 
slavery by the name of surrender, and I do not ® think 
that they should be considered? in the number’ of citi- 
zens. Let me deal* with those who favor a sortie —a 
proposition which* I would approve if I saw that it 
involved” no loss" beyond that of our lives. But in 
making” our plan we ought to consider ® all of Gaul. 
If we perish, with what confidence ™ will the remain- 
der resist the Romans? I, therefore, advise that we 
do what our ancestors did in the war of the Teutons 
and Cimbrians ; when‘ driven into their cities and dis- 
tressed ” by hunger they kept alive” on the bodies of 
those who seemed useless for war, and did not sur- 
render to the enemy.” 


1 cogere. 9 See Exercise 4, note 6. 
2 apud. 10 fiert. 

3 nefarius. Ul jactura. 

4 Omit. 12 Gerund or gerundive ? 
5 haberi. 13 Lit. let us consider. 

® See Exercise 2, note 11. 14 fiducia. 

7 loco. 15 subactus. 


8 mihi res esse. 16 yitam tolerare. 


Latin Composition — Part LI. 83 


EXERCISE 72. 


While this! was being done by Caesar, the Treviri 
were planning to attack Labienus and the one legion 
which was wintering in their territory. And they were 
now not further away than a journey? of two days 
when® they learned that two more legions had been 
sent by Caesar. And so they pitched their camp and 
decided to wait for the German contingent‘ to come 
up. Between Labienus and the enemy there was a 
river with rough banks and hard to ford.? Labienus 
feared® to cross and did not think that the ‘enemy 
would do so’ unless lured on by a stratagem.’ So he 
declared openly before the soldiers that since it was 
said that the Germans were approaching he would not 
endanger ® his own and the army’s safety, but” that he 
would break camp on the next day early in the morn- 
ing and withdraw. This was quickly reported to the 
enemy. Then calling together the military tribunes 
and centurions by night, Labienus disclosed what his 
plan was," and gave orders that camp should be broken 
with greater uproar and confusion than is the custom 
of the Roman army.” By these means he made his 
departure resemble * a retreat, and induced the enemy 
to cross the river. 





1 See Exercise 21, note 1. 

2 via. 4 auxilia. 

3 See Exercise 27, note 9. 5 Lit. of difficult crossing. 

® Distinguish between fearing to do a thing and fearing that 
something will be done. 

7 Repeat the verb. 

8 fraude capere. 11 Lit. what he wished. 

9 in discrimen vocare. 1 populi Romani consuetudo fert. 

10 ef, 18 similis. 


84 Latin Composition — Part ELE: 


EXERCISE 73. 


The story of Cleobis and Biton is well known. 
Since the ceremonial law required! that their mother, 
who was a priestess, should be drawn in a chariot quite 
a distance” from the city to a shrine, and the horses 
were late in arriving,® these youths laid aside their 
garments and bent * to the yoke. So the priestess was 
carried to the shrine, the chariot being drawn by the 
sons. And it is said that she begged the goddess to 
grant to them the greatest’ gift® which could be be- 
stowed on a man bya god. The young men after din- 
ing with their mother retired, and in the morning were 
found dead. It is related that Trophonius and Aga- 
medes offered’ a similar request ;* for when they had 
built a temple at Delphi, they begged of Apollo that 
which was best fora man. Apollo indicated that he 
would give them this on the third day; and when it 
arrived? they were found dead. There is also cur- 
rent’ a certain story about Silenus. Captured by 
Midas, it is recorded" that he gave to him this gift 
for his release; namely,® that” he taught the king 
that not to be born is by far the best thing for a 
man, while to die as soon as possible is nearest the 
best thing. 





1 jus esse. 7 uti. 

2 satis longe. 8 precatio. 

8 morari. 9 Lit. dawned. 
+ accedere. W afferri. 


5 Incorporate in the relative clause. © scribi. 
6 Omit. 12 Infinitive construction. 


Latin Composition — Part ITI. 85 


EXERCISE 74. 


It is said that Socrates spoke! somewhat as follows? 
before his judges; “If death is like that sleep which 
brings most calm repose, what a blessing ® it is to die! 4 
But if, as some think, it is a journey to the realms 
which those inhabit who have departed this life, that 
is much more blessed. For there are Orpheus, 
Musaeus, Homer, and ® Hesiod, and I would be willing 
to die many times, if that were possible, on condition 
that’ I might seethem. With what delight, moreover, 
would I be filled® in meeting® Palamedes and Ajax 
and others who have been falsely condemned!” I 
would also test the wisdom of Ulysses and Sisyphus, 
and would not on that account be condemned to death. 
Therefore I have no fear of death; for no evil can 
befall a good man either" living or dead, and his 
interests ” are never neglected by the immortal gods. 
And I have no reason to be angry” with those by 
whom I have been accused or by whom I have been 
condemned, excepting that they thought they were 
injuring me.” 


1 The missing parts of inguam are supplied by other verbs of 


saying. 
2 haec fere. 6 See Exercise 5, note 3. 
3 Jucrum. 7 ut. 
+ Infinitive. 8 affict. 
. 7 
5 See Exercise 36, note 10. 9 cum-clause. 


10 judicio iniquo circumventus. 

11 B. 347. 2; A. 209. a. 2 (827. 2); G. 445; H. 656. 2. 
12 res. 

13 Lit. I have not as to which (quod) I should be angry. 
1£ nist quod. 


86 Luin Composition — Part PEE 


EXERCISE 75. 


Caesar thought that he ought to leave everything and 
follow Pompey in whatsoever direction’ he went, in 
order that he might not be able to gather other forces 
and renew the war. So he advanced with his army as 
rapidly as possible, ordering another legion to follow 
by easier? stages. Meanwhile there was an edict 
posted up at Amphipolis in Pompey’s name, to the 
effect * that all the youths of that region should come 
together to take the oath of allegiance* to him. But 
whether Pompey had put this up with a view to? 
averting suspicion so that he might conceal as long as 
possible his plan of flight, or whether’ he was plan- 
ning to hold Macedonia with new levies if no one 
pursued ® him, it was impossible to judge.’ At any 
rate he rode at® anchor but one night, and then learn- 
ing of Caesar’s approach he withdrew, and a little 
later arrived at Mytilene. Detained there two days 
by the weather,® he sailed to Cilicia and thence to 
Cyprus. There he learned that the citadel of Antioch 
had been seized’ with the idea of’ keeping him out, 
and that messengers had been sent to Pompeians who 
were said to have taken refuge in the nearest provinces, 
announcing® that they must’ not approach that city. 
He was therefore obliged to give up. his plan of visit- 
ing ” Syria. 





1 partes. 7 existimare. 

2 parvus. 8 consistere ad. 

3 Omit. 9 tempestas. 

tin... verbaturare. 10 Simple subjunctive. 
5 causa. 11 qdire. 


6 premere. 


Latin Composition — Part SIME 87 


EXERCISE 76. 


“JT remember that when I was but! a lad, at the 
time my father was in Macedonia during his consul- 
ship,’ our army was excited® by a religious fear* be- 
cause on a clear night the full and resplendent moon 
had gone into eclipse.® On that occasion my father 
did not hesitate to openly declare in camp that it ® was 
no’ miracle, but that the same thing had happened 
before at fixed intervals and would always happen ® 
when the sun was so placed that it could not touch 
the moon with its hight. And it is said that when 
sudden darkness had fallen® during an eclipse of the 
sun” and great fear had taken possession of the hearts 
of the Athenians, Pericles, a man of the greatest influ- 
ence and eloquence, proclaimed that this necessarily 
happened at a fixed time when the moon stood directly 
in line with the sun." And making this clear by argu- 
ment” and proof, he relieved the people of their fear.” 
When Africanus had said this, Tubero remarked: 
“One® would think that your father would scarce 
have dared to speak so frankly among unlearned 
soldiers ® or to teach them the laws" of nature.” 








1 admodum (with an adjective). 


2 consul. 

3 A. 336. A. n. 1 (584. a, n); G. 281. 2. n; H. 618. 2. 
4 Hendiadys. § Omit. 

5 deficere. 7 Use nullus. 8 Lit. be. 


9 Lit. shadows had suddenly fallen. 

10 Ablative absolute (obscuratus). 

Lit. when the moon had placed itself wholly (totus) be- 
neath the sun. 

12 disputare. 

13 B, 280. 1; A. 311. a (447. 2); G. 257. 2; H. 552. 

14 See Exercise 8, note 8. 15 ratio. 


88 Latin Composition — Part LL. 


EXERCISE 77. 


After? Caesar saw that the excited passions? of the 
soldiers could be in no way resisted, he gave the signal 
for battle, and directing his horse against the enemy 
rode toward ® the chiefs. Meanwhile on the right wing * 
the slingers and bowmen showered?’ missiles upon the 
elephants of the enemy. And they, much terrified by 
the noise of the slings and the hurling of lead and 
stones, wheeled about and proceeded to trample upon 
their friends and to rush through the gates in® the 
fortification. Likewise the Moorish cavalry which 
was assisting the elephants fled. And so the Romans, 
easily avoiding’ the beasts, took possession of the 
camp of the enemy, where a few who resisted fiercely 
were killed, while* the rest withdrew to the fortifica- 
tions from which they had set out the day before. I 
think I should not omit to speak of? the valor of a 
veteran of the fifth legion. For when an elephant 
maddened by a wound made a rush upon an unarmed 
sutler,” this soldier ran forward. As the elephant 
saw him advancing with drawn weapon" he left” the 
sutler and cireled the soldier with his trunk, and could 
not be induced to let him go until the trunk was al- 
most cut off. 





1 See Exercise 8, note 6. 2 animi. 3 contra. 
* Model the phrase on a tergo, ‘‘in the rear.”’ 

5 frequentes (nominative) conicere. 

6 See Exercise 9, note 1. 

7 circumire. 10 Tixa. 

8 autem. 1 telum infestum. 


9 praetermittere. 12 Ablative absolute. 


Latin Composition — Part LL. 89 


EXERCISE 78. 


Tf he had not loved the fatherland, Gaius Duilius 
would not have conquered the enemy with a fleet, and 
the two Scipios would not have extinguished the in- 
cipient fire! of the second Punic war with their blood, 
and when it blazed forth again, Publius Africanus 
would not have driven it back? from the gates of this 
city into the very bulwarks*® of the enemy. Then, 
too, Marcus Cato, by whose example all we who care 
for such things are drawn toward industry and virtue, 
might have enjoyed ® himself at his ease ® at Tusculum, 
a very healthful town;’ but though no necessity con- 
strained him, that good man up to extreme old age 
preferred to be tossed about by the waves and storms 
of civil strife rather than to live most pleasantly in 
quiet and leisure. Countless other men who in their 
times were the salvation of this state I pass over, not 
because * their services? were small, but because they 
are not far removed” from the recollection of this 
generation," and I fear that if I should attempt to 
name all, somebody would complain that some one of 
his friends had been left out. 





1 incendium. 3 moenia. 
2 compellere. 4 vero. 
5 For the tense of the infinitive, see Exercise 16, note 14. 
Ae ; 

im otio. 


7 A. 184. c (282. d); G. 386. rn. 1; H. 393. 7. 

8 B. 286. 1.6; A 321. 2. r. (540, 2. n. 3); G. 541. n. 2; H. 
588. 2. 

3 munus. 

10 Omit. 

11 qetas. 


90) Latin Composition — Part Aue 


EXERCISE 79. 


After Caesar had come into the neighborhood of Had- 
rumetum, where there was a reserve of his enemies under 
the command! of Gaius Considius, after waiting a little 
before the gate for the rest of his troops to come up, 
he deployed? his army, whose numbers * at this time 
were three thousand foot-soldiers and one hundred 
and fifty horse, and fortified a camp before the town. 
Meanwhile the townspeople filled the walls with armed 
men, and many took their stand without the gate to 
defend themselves. Then Lucius Plancus begged of 
Caesar that he would grant him permission to treat * 
with Considius, to see’ if® in any way he could be 
brought to a reasonable frame of mind.’ And so when 
permission had been granted he wrote a letter and 
gave it to a captive to carry * to Considius within the 
city. But as soon as the captive came thither and 
began to hold out the letter, Considius said, “ Whence 
do you bring this”?” Then said the captive, “ From 
the general Caesar.” ‘Not at all,” replied Considius, 
“at this time Scipio is the only general of the Roman 
people;” and he at once ordered the messenger slain 
in his presence. 








1 Not abstract ; praeesse. 6 See Exercise 58, note 5. 
2 exponere. 7 sanitas. 

8 Singular. 8 See Exercise 15, note 8. 
4 agere. ®° See Exercise 7, note 3. 


5 Omit. 10 See Exercise 12, note 4. 


Latin Composition — Part II. 91 


EXERCISE 80. 


What fear was inspired in all good citizens by these 
actions I need not relate. For you yourselves remem- 
ber that when the speech of that vile! gladiator* which 
it was said he uttered during’ a harangue at his house* 
was noised abroad, in which’ he declared that a relia- 
ble champion of the wretched could not® be found 
except it were a man who was himself wretched; that 
the poor and oppressed ought not to trust the promises 
of the rich and fortunate ; therefore, those who wished 
to make good their losses’ should choose as their leader 
and standard-bearer a person who like himself was in 
dire straits * and by no means diffident, — you remem- 
ber, I say,® that when this was heard, a decree of the 
senate was passed on my motion” that the election 
should not take place on the following day, so that we 
might consider the matter in the senate. And so on 
the day after, before a full house," I bade Catiline 
clear himself if he could. But he replied boldly that 
the state had two bodies, one feeble and with a weak 
head, the other strong and without a head; and that 
he hoped to become the head of the latter himself. 





1 nefarius. 

2 Catiline is referred to. ip 

4 domesticus. See again Exercise 9, note 1. 5 cum. 
6 Unite the negative with the verb of saying. 

7 erepta recuperare. 

8 valde calamitosus. 

9 igitur (ased in the resumptive sense). 

10 Not abstract ; referre. 

ll Use senatus frequens. 


92 Latin Composition — Part LL. 


EXERCISE 81. 


When Octavius learned that Vatinius had gotten 
together a large fleet, he came secretly into the vicinity 
of the island Tauris. In this neighborhood! Vatinius 
was cruising about,” not because he desired to fight, 
but because he wished to watch Octavius at a dis- 
tance. As he approached closer to Tauris and his ships 
were scattered because there was a heavy storm ® and 
no suspicion of an enemy, he suddenly noticed a galley 
filled with warriors* headed * toward him. On seeing 
this he quickly ordered that the sails be lowered and 
the soldiers armed, and gave directions that the other 
ships should do likewise. And though he realized that 
he was equal to the enemy neither in size nor number 
of ships, nevertheless he chose to trust® to fortune 
rather than to flight. And so he was the first to make 
an attack with his own galley upon the ship of Octa- 
vius. Meanwhile his followers’ did not hesitate with 
wonderful valor to leap across from their own ships to 
those of the enemy, and being far superior in bravery 
they easily won the day. 


1 regio. 5 veniens. 
2 navigare. § rem committere malle. 
3 tempestas turbulenta. 7 Vatiniani. 


4 propugnator. 


Latin Composition — Part ILI. 93 


EXERCISE 82. 


When our good friend’ Atticus was with me lately 
at my villa at Cumae, word was brought to us that 
Marcus Varro had arrived from Rome the day before, 
and that, had he not been weary with his journey, he 
would at once have come to us. On hearing this we 
felt that we should brook no delay in? seeing as soon 
as possible a man bound to us by a community of 
studies ® and long-standing‘ friendship. And so we at 
once started to go to him, but’ when we were a short 
distance from his villa we saw him coming to meet® 
us. I at once asked him whether there was any news 
from Rome, but Atticus exclaimed: “I pray you,® drop 
those’ topics® of which we cannot ask* or hear with- 
out distress, and inquire rather whether he has himself 
produced anything new. For the muse of Varro has 
been silent longer than its wont, and yet I do not 
think he has stopped writing,® but is concealing what 
he writes.” “ Not at all,’ replied Varro; “ for I do not 
think it the mark® of a wise man to write what he 
would” conceal.” 








1 noster is sufficient. 6 Omit. 

2 moram interponere quin. 7 See Exercise 12, note 4. 
3 Lit. by the same studies. 8 percontart. 

4 vetustas. 9 velle. 


5 .gue. 


94 Latin Composition — Part WARE 


EXERCISE 83. 


And courage was not wanting among? the Pom- 
peians. For they withstood bravely the onset of the 
legions, and when they had thrown their javelins 
betook themselves* to their swords. At the same 
time the cavalry, as had been ordered, dashed forward 
in a body*® from Pompey’s left wing. Our cavalry 
could not withstand‘ their onset, but began to be 
driven back® little by little from its position, while *® 
the cavalry of Pompey for that very’ reason pushed 
on more vigorously. When Caesar noticed this, he 
gave the signal to advance’ to the fourth line, which 
he had formed of six cohorts. They quickly charged 
forward and made such a vigorous assault on the 
Pompeian cavalry that it not only withdrew, but in 
flight made for the highest hills. By the same attack 
the cohorts circled the wing of Pompey’s army and 
assailed it in the rear. At the same moment Caesar 
ordered his third line, which up to this time had kept 
in its place,’ to advance. And so the Pompeians, with 
new enemies’ replacing the weary and with others 
attacking the rear, could not hold out,’ but retreated '° 
in a body. 





1 Lit. to. 6 _que 
aeons 7 : 
redire. Omit. 
3 universi. 8 se loco tenere. 
4 Lit. did not bear. 9 sustinere. 


5 See Exercise 2, note 6. ! terga vertere. 


Latin Composition — Part LILI. 95 


4 


EXERCISE 84. 


On learning this Pompey gave up his plan of visit- 
ing! Syria, and with two thousand armed men came to 
Pelusium. It chanced? that King Ptolomaeus was 
there, being at that time at war with his sister Cleopa- 
tra, whom he had a few months before expelled from 
the kingdom through the agency of® his relatives and 
friends. To him Pompey sent messengers to beg that 
he might be received * at Alexandria and be sheltered 
by the king’s power.’ But after the business of the 
embassy was finished, those who had been sent by him 
began to talk more freely with the soldiers of the king, 
and to urge them to assist Pompey and not to look 
down on his present ® fortune. When this fact became 
known, friends of the king under whose guardianship’ 
he was because of his youth,’ fearing that the royal 
army would desert to Pompey, gave a kind answer * to 
the messengers and ordered Pompey to come to the 
king; but they secretly made a plot and sent back 
with the ambassadors Achillas and Lucius Septimius, 
whom they had directed to murder Pompey. And he, 
greeted in a friendly way by them, boarded ” a small 
ship with a few of his friends and was at once killed. 











1 adire. 


2 casu. 8 per. 

4 recipere. There is an idea of motion in the word. 

5 opes. 8 qwetas. 

6 Omit. ® respondere. 


7 tutela. 10 conscendere. 


96 Latin Composition — Part. LI. 


EXERCISE 85. 


When Catiline made this reply the senators groaned, 
and yet did not pass a decree’ severe enough in view 
of* his boldness. He therefore hurried forth*® from 
the senate, a man* who ought by no means to have 
gone forth from there alive; especially in view of the 
fact that a few days before he had answered Cato’s 
threat ® of a lawsuit by saying‘ that if any fire were 
started to® imperil* his fortunes, he would put it out, 
not with water, but with dynamite.” Made anxious by 
these happenings, and knowing that many conspirators 
would be conducted into the Campus Martius by Cati- 
line, I went down to the election with a strong guard 
of the bravest men and armed‘ with a broad and con- 
spicuous breastplate, not because I thought it would 
protect me, but because I wanted all good citizens to 
realize the danger. And so, believing that Servius 
was not very energetic in his canvass* and seeing 
Catiline inspired with hope and ionging, they all went 
over to Murena who, along with Silanus, was elected 
consul. 








1 decernere. 5 minitans. 
2 pro. 8 excitare ad. 
3 erumpere. 7 puind. 


£ Omit. 8 in petendo. 


Latin Composition — Part III. 97 


EXERCISE 86. 


Though Pharnaces was planning treachery, he never 
ceased sending messengers with reference to peace and 
friendship, thinking that in this way Domitius could 
more easily be lured into the ambuscade which he had 
made. But on the contrary, the hope of peace kept 
Domitius within his camp. And so Pharnaces recalled 
his men, fearing that the ambuscade could be no 
longer hidden. Finally Domitius approached nearer 
Nicopolis, and while our men were fortifying a camp, 
Pharnaces drew up a line of battle opposite; but by 
stationing a part of his forces in front of the fortifi- 
cation, Domitius was able’ to complete the work. 
The following night Pharnaces intercepted  letter- 
carriers who were bearing a message to Domitius about 
matters at Alexandria, and thus” learned that Caesar 
was in great danger and that he wished Domitius as 
soon as possible to send him assistance. Knowing 
this, Pharnaces considered it equivalent to a victory? 
if he could procrastinate,’ thinking that Caesar would 
be crushed in a few days if Domitius did not assist 
him. And so he took possession of® the road by which 
our men must travel if they would join Caesar. 





1 posse is not required. 4 tempus trahere. 
Pp 

2 Omit. 5 considere in. 

8 victoriae loco. 


98 Latin Composition — Part ITT, 


EXERCISE 87. 


And I do not think that the knowledge of future 
events is even useful to us. For what would life have 
amounted to! for Priam if from youth he had known 
what outcome his old age would have?* Or do you 
think that Gnaeus Pompey would have taken delight 
in his three triumphs had he known that he would be 
murdered in Egypt, and that after his death these 
things would happen which we cannot* mention with- 
out tears? And in what distress of mind think you 
Gaius Caesar would have passed his life, if he had 
divined that, struck down by old friends in the midst 
of a senate which he had himself largely recruited,* he 
would lie so neglected’ in the Curia Pompeia before 
the very statue of Pompey ® that not only no one? of 
his friends, but not even’ any of his servants, would 
approach the body? Surely, therefore, ignorance of 
future ills is better ® than knowledge of them.’ 








1 Lit. what would it have been ? 

2 See Exercise 39, note 4. 

3B. 314.3; A. 336. b (583) ; H. 643. 3. 

4 cooptare. 

5 Omit. 

6 Lit. of Pompey himself. 

7 Non modo non or non modo ? See B, 343, 2.a; A. 149. e 
(217. e); G. 482. k. 1; H. 656. 3. 

8 utilis. - 


Latin Composition — Part aT. g9 


EXERCISE 88. 


After Caesar had come from Egypt into Syria and 
learned from those who had come to him from Rome 
that many matters were mismanaged there, and that 
no business of state! was being properly administered,’ 
he saw that all these things demanded his presence. 
Yet he thought that the provinces must be freed 
from internal dissensions before he could? return to 
Rome. These* he hoped to settle expeditiously in 
Syria, Cilicia, and Asia, but realized that in Pontus 
a greater task° awaited® him. For he kept hearing 
that Pharnaces had not withdrawn from that province, 
and he did not think that he would withdraw, since 
he had been greatly puffed up by the victory’ which 
he had won over® Domitius Calvinus. But matters 
turned out better than he had expected, and after 
spending® a few days there, he put his friend and 
relative Sextus Caesar in command of the province, 
and set out himself into Cilicia. All the leaders of 
that province he convened at Tarsus,” a city which 
is almost the best known and strongest of all Cilicia. 





1 pars ret publicae. 


2 satis commode gerere. § impendere. 

3 Posse is not needed. 7 proelium secundum. 
4 J.e. the dissensions. 8 facere contra. 

5 onus. 9 commorart. 


10 Note the idea of motion in the verb (cogere). 


100 Latin Composition — Part ILI. 


EXERCISE 89. 


The Stoics argue somewhat as follows:! If gods 
exist, and yet do not beforehand make known to men 
what the future has in store,’ either they do not love 
men, or they do not themselves know what is going to 
happen, or they think it does not concern men to know 
the future,” or they do not consider it consistent with 
their majesty*® to warn men beforehand.* But they 
do love us, for they are beneficent and friendly to the 
human race; they are not ignorant of® the things 
which they have themselves ordained; it is to our 
interest to know the things which are to come to pass, 
for we will be more careful if we know; and they 
do not think it beneath® their dignity to foretell the 
future,’ for nothing is more noble than beneficence.® 
Therefore there is something in divination.? This 
argument is used by Chrysippus and Diogenes, and 
this they teach their pupils. Shall we therefore 
hesitate to believe what the greatest philosophers 
think is true? 


1 ita fere. 

2 Lit. what is going to be. Throughout this exercise distin- 
cuish carefully between relative clause and indirect question. 

8B. 198.3; A. 214. d (848. c); G. 422. n. 5; H. 439. 

4 praesignificare. 

5 ignorare. 

§ alienus. 

7 Lit. these (things). 

8 See again Exercise 16, note 7. 

® Lit. divination is something, 


Latin Composition — Part III. 101 


EXERCISE 90. 


In my dream Scipio again spoke: “ But that? you 
may be more eager to uphold the state, be thus 
assured;” that for all who have saved, aided, or 
increased the fatherland, there is a fixed place 
assigned in the heavens where in bliss® they enjoy 
eternal life. For* nothing is more pleasing’ to the 
god who rules the universe than the associations of 
men which® are called states, and the persons who 
guide and preserve them, coming’ originally® from 
here, return to this place.” Hereupon, though I 
could scarcely believe him, I asked whether’? my 
father Paulus was alive, and the others whom we 
thought dead. “Of course,” he replied, “those are 
alive who have escaped from the bonds of the body, 
as it were, from prison; whereas” your life, so 
called" is really® death. Look, will you,” toward 
your father Paulus coming.” And when I beheld 
him, I burst into tears; but embracing and kissing 
me, he forbade my weeping.* As soon as I had 
checked my tears I said, “O best of fathers, since 
this is life, pray why do I delay upon the earth ? 
Why do I not rather hasten to come hither to you?” 








1 Note the comparative in the purpose clause. 


2 sic habere. 8 Omit. 

3 See Exercise 15, note 5. 9 See Exercise 70, note 12. 
4 Direct discourse. 10 vero. 

5 acceptus. ll gui dicitur. 

6 See Exercise 11, note 2. 2 guin. 


7 proficisci. 

18 yim lacrimarum profundere. 

14 prohibere with infinitive construction. 

15 B, 246.5; A. 195. d (296. a); G. 211. Rr. 5; H. 396. 2. 


102 Latin Composition — Part TTT: 


EXERCISE 91. 


What! In the second Punic war, did not the con- 
sul Flaminius disregard the signs of coming events 
with great loss to the state? For’ when after review- 
ing” his army, he had moved his camp to the neigh- 
borhood of Arretium in Etruria, both he and his horse 
without any? cause fell down before the statue of 
Jupiter Stator, and yet he was not deterred from 
following the enemy into the ambuscade that was 
laid near Lake Trasimenus. And again,® when he 
was consulting the auspices,‘ the keeper of the sacred 
chickens announced a postponement of’ the day of 
battle. Thereupon Flaminius asked him what he 
advised doing® if the chickens should not eat even 
at the later date.’ And when he answered that they 
must in that case! refrain from action, Flaminius 
cried, “Great*® indeed are the auspices, if business 
can be transacted*® when the birds are hungry, but 
none” when they are full.” And so he gave orders 
that the standard be pulled up and that they? follow 
him. And on this occasion, though the standard- 
bearer could not move the standard from its position 
until he was aided by several soldiers, still Flaminius 
did not doubt that he ought to fight at once. 


1 Omit. 6 See Exercise 15, note 8. 
2 lustrare. 7 posted. 

3 idem. 8 praeclarus. 

4 qguspicart. 9 res gerere. 


5 differre. 10 Lit. nothing. Repeat gerere. 


Latin Composition — Part ILI. 103 


EXERCISE 92. 


Between the battle lines space enough was left for 
the advance? of both armies. But Pompey had pre- 
viously given orders to his men that they should wait 
for? the onset of Caesar and not stir from their posi- 
tion, because he thought that in this way the soldiers 
of Caesar would be out of breath with the prolonged ® 
charge and overcome with weariness. It seems to me 
that Pompey did this unadvisedly;* for there is a 
certain enthusiasm’ latent® in all men, which is 
roused by action.’ This our generals ought not to 
repress, but to encourage; and it was not without 
good reason® that in the olden time the rule was 
adopted .by our ancestors that in battle the trumpets 
should sound ® on all sides and that all should raise a 
shout: for by these means they rightly thought that 
the enemy were terrified and their own men encour- 
aged.” Now! when Caesar’s soldiers ran forward 
and noticed that the Pompeians were not advancing,” 
made wary” by previous battles they checked their 
advance of their own accord, and stopped at about the 
middle of the field, that they might not come to close 
quarters * when their strength was exhausted. 





1 concursus. 8 frustra. 

2 excipere. ’ concinere. 
3 duplicatus. 10 (neitare. 

4 nulla ratione. 11 sed. 

5 animi incitatio. 12 concurrere. 
5 innatus. 13 exercitatus. 


7 agere. 14 appropinquare. 


104 Latin Composition — Part EER 


EXERCISE 993. 


When at the time of the Latin war important? 
votive games were taking place, the state was sud- 
denly called to arms. And so after the war was 
finished the games were repeated. But before they 
took place, and when the people had already taken 
their seats, a slave wearing the fork and beaten with 
rods was led around the course.? Immediately there- 
after as a Roman farmer slept a god seemed to appear, 
who said that the games had displeased him and that 
he (the farmer) should carry * this message to the mag- 
istrates at Rome. When he did not venture to do so, 
he saw again in his sleep the same god, who now 
warned him not to make trial of his power. While 
he yet delayed, his son died and he had a second 
warning in hisdreams. Then utterly broken * in body 
and mind he communicated the matter to his friends, 
and on their advice’ was carried to the senate-house 
in a litter. And tradition has it® that when he had 
related the vision to the senate he returned home fully 
restored’ and on his own feet, and the senate voted 
that the games be a second time repeated. 





1 maximus. 5 de sententia. 
2 per circum. < 5 memoriae traditum est. 
3 Lit. let him carry. T salvus. 


2 debilis. 


Latin Composition — Part LL. 105 


EXERCISE 94. 


Caesar’s forces were by no means large enough? to 
rely upon? if he must fight outside the town, and 
he therefore could only maintain his position® and 
learn the plans of Achillas. Nevertheless he ordered 
all the soldiers to be under* arms, and urged king 
Ptolomaeus, who was with him, to send as ambassadors 
to Achillas two of his retainers whom he regarded? as ° 
of greatest influence, to persuade him to desist from 
his undertaking. When these came into his sight, 
before he heard them or learned why they had been 
sent, Achillas ordered that they be seized and exe- 
euted. One of the ambassadors received a wound 
and was carried off for’ dead by his followers,’ the 
other was killed. Thereupon, because Achillas was a 
subject ® of Ptolomaeus, Caesar praised the king highly 
before the Roman soldiers, so that none might suspect 
that the war had been undertaken at his (the king’s) 
instigation. Achillas meanwhile, relying on his forces, 
which were not to be despised either” in numbers 
or experience,” occupied Alexandria, excepting that 
part of the city which Caesar and his soldiers were 
holding. 


1 tantus. 7 pro. 

2 confidere. 8 suit. 

3 loco se tenere. 9 minister. 

4 in. Ee 10 See Exercise 74, note 11. 
5 habere. 11 peritia. 


6 Omit. 


106 Latin Composition — Part LIL. 


EXERCISE 95. 


In my dreams Africanus appeared to me in that 
form which was better known to me from his statue 
than from the man? himself. And when I recognized 
him I shuddered, but he said: “Give attention,’ and 
store up* in your memory what I shall say. Do you 
see yonder city” (from a lofty place he was pointing 
out Carthage) “ which, compelled by me to obey the 
Roman people, is renewing the war, and which you 
are now come to besiege? In two years you will 
overthrow this city,’ and through your own efforts * 
you will gain the title which you now hold as a legacy °® 
from me. Moreover, when you have destroyed Carth- 
age and celebrated a triumph and gone as a commis- 
sioner ® to Egypt, Syria, Asia, and Greece, you will be 
chosen consul a second time in your absence and will 
reduce Numantia. But when you are carried to the 
Capitol in the triumphal? chariot, you will find’ the 
state disturbed by the designs* of my _ grandson. 
Then, Africanus, you must ® display to the fatherland 
the light of your soul and intellect.” 


1 Omit. § legatus. 

2 adesse animo. 7 offendere. ~ 

8 tradere. 8 consilium. 

4 Lit. through yourself. ® Use oportere. 


5 hereditarius. 
e 


Latin Composition — Part ILI. 107 


EXERCISE 96, 


Elated by this victory, Ambiorix arrived the next 
day among! the Nervii and urged them not to lose the 
chance of freeing themselves for all time and of 
punishing the Romans for the wrongs which they had 
suffered, saying” that two Roman leutenants were 
dead and that a large part of the army was destroyed. 
By these words he easily persuaded the Nervii, and 
they at once sent messengers to the states which were 
under their control and gathered as large bands as 
possible. Then without warning they rushed upon 
Cicero’s winter quarters, where a few soldiers who had 
scattered into the forest to secure wood * were cut off 
by the unexpected attack of the cavalry. Immediately 
letters were sent by Cicero to Caesar, large rewards 
being promised the bearers ” if they should carry them 
through to their destination.? But they were all cut 
off, as the roads were guarded. Meanwhile the enemy 
kept assailing the camp, and though Cicero himself 
was in very poor® health, he left not even night-time 
for repose until he was compelled by the voices of the 
soldiers to spare himself. 





lin, 

2 Omit. 

3 A passive of perdere is afforded by perire or interire. 
4 Use lignatio (with causa). 

5 tenuis. 


108 Latin Composition — Part LI. 


EXERCISE 97. 


Meanwhile the horsemen of Scipio who had fled 
from the battle at Thapsus came to the town of Parada 
on their way to Utica. When they were not received 
there because the rumor of Caesar’s victory had pre- 
ceded them, seizing the town by force they piled up 
logs in the midst of the market-place and applied the 
torch, throwing into the fire hvying and bound the 
inhabitants of the city. Then at once they proceeded 
to Utica. At an earlier time, thinking that there was 
little support for his own party in the citizens of 
Utica, Mareus Cato had driven from the town the non- 
combatants’ and compelled them to live without the 
gate inacamp girt by a shallow? ditch. This camp 
the horsemen began to attack because they knew that 
the citizens had favored Caesar’s party; but the 
Uticans,’ with courage strengthened by * Caesar’s vic- 
tory, drove them back with sticks and stones. So 
the horsemen, unable to take the camp, betook them- 
selves into the city, where they broke into houses and 
plundered them. When Cato could in no way per- 
suade them to defend the town with him, and found 
what they wanted, to check their violence he gave to 
each a hundred sesterces. 





1 plebs inermis. 8 Uticenses. 
2 parvula. 4 animus additus ex. 


Latin Composition — Part ILI. 109 


EXERCISE 98. 


To this! Tubero replied: “I do not know why the 
current tradition is* to the effect® that Socrates re- 
jected all discussion of physical phenomena* and was 
wont to inquire only about the hfe and character of 
men. For what more satisfactory’ authority could® 
we have than Plato? And in his books in many 
places Socrates speaks in such a way that, although 
he is discussing character or virtues, he nevertheless 
brings in‘ numbers and geometry after the manner of 
Pythagoras.” Then said Scipio: “This® is true,’ as 
you say. But I fancy that you have heard that after 
Socrates’ death Plato went first to Egypt to study, and 
afterwards came to Italy and Sicily that he might 
gain a thorough? knowledge of the discoveries of 
Pythagoras; that he was with Archytas of Tarentum, 
and inasmuch as at that time the name of Pythagoras 
was honored” in that locality," that he gave himself 
over to the Pythagoreans and their” theories. And 
so, since he had loved Socrates most dearly ® and 
wanted to ascribe all knowledge® to him, perhaps he 
joined to Socrates’ keenness something of Pythagorean 
obscurity.” 





1 dein. 8 See Exercise 12, note 4. 
2 memoriae proditum esse. 9 per-. 

3 Omit. 10 vigere. 

+ natura. ll loca. 

5 locuples. 12 Lit. those. 

6 See Exercise 15, note 6. 13 unice. 


7 coniungere. 


110 Latin Composition — Part ILI. 


EXERCISE 99, 


Stirred by this speech the soldiers one and all! 
urged Curio to be of good courage and not to hesitate 
to risk a battle and make trial of their loyalty and 
valor. And so on the next day he again led them out 
and drew them up in battle array where they had 
taken their stand on previous days. And Varus did 
not hesitate to bring out his forces opposite, that he 
might miss no opportunity to fight. Between the two 
lines there was a valley, not so very” large, but ob- 
structed and almost impassable. However, Curio sent 
his cavalry and two cohorts against the enemy, and 
their cavalry, unable to sustain® the attack, fled in 
confusion. Then Rebilus, a heutenant of Caesar’s 
whom Curio had brought with him from Sicily, cried, 4 
“You see the enemy terrified, Curio; why do you 
hesitate to reap’ the benefit of the occasion?” The 
latter, speaking a single word ® that the soldiers should 
keep in mind what they had promised him the day 
before, ordered them ® to follow him, and charged for- 
ward in advance’ of all. 





1 universi. 5 uti. 
2 ita. 6 Omit. 
8 Lit. did not bear. 7 praecurrere ante. 


4 See again Exercise 6, note 2. 


Latin Composition — Part III. 111 


EXERCISE 100. 


At the time when Autronius and Catiline wished to 
commit murder in the Campus Martius at the consular 
elections held by me, no one saw Sulla with them. 
And why’ should I speak of that night when the con- 
spirators came together at Catiline’s call? to the house 
of Marcus Laeca in the scythe-makers’ quarter,’ a night 
which of all the time * of the conspiracy was the most 
dangerous ?° For then the day of departure was set 
for Catiline, and the plan of murder and burning was 
adopted, and Cornelius demanded for himself the im- 
portant business ® of murdering me in my bed when he 
had come at early dawn to greet the consul. At this 
time, when the fires of the conspiracy were burning 
most fiercely,’ when Catiline was ready ® to leave for 
his army, when Cassius was put in charge of the burn- 
ing and Cethegus of the murder, where was Sulla? 
At Rome? Nay, he was far away from there.2 Was 
he in that quarter” to which Catiline was going? 
Not at all. He was at Naples, a part” of Italy which 
was most free from suspicion. 


1 nam quid. 

2 denuntiatio. 

3 inter falcarios. 

4 Plural. 

5 acer. 

5 officiosa provincia. 

7 Lit. the conspiracy was burning (ardere) most fiercely. 
8 Express ‘‘ ready ’’ by the tense. 
2 Omit. 

10 regiones. 

11 See Exercise 78, note 7. 


112 Latin Composition — Part LIT. 


EXERCISE 101. 


Pompey, who had his camp on an eminence, would 
always draw up his line at the lowest spurs’ of the 
mountain, hoping that? Caesar would commit * himself 
to unfavorable ground. He, however, perceived that 
Pompey could not be lured out to battle, and judged 
it to be his most expedient plan of campaign? to break 
camp and be ever on the march, because he thought 
that by moving his camp and visiting many places he 
would find® provisions better,® and at the same time 
would wear out the army of Pompey, which was 
unused to hard service.” When this had been decided 
upon, and he had already given the signal for depar- 
ture, it was noticed that Pompey’s battle line had 
advanced further from the fortifications than its daily 
wont, so that it seemed possible to fight on fairly 
favorable *® ground. Then Caesar, whose marching line 
was now at the gates, cried: “We must put off our 
journey for the present and think of battle. Let us 
all be ready ® for the struggle; for we shall not easily 
find another opportunity.” 





l radix. 6 commodior. 

2 expectare si. 7 labor. 

3 subicere. 8 non iniquus. 

4 ratio belli. 8 animo paratus. 


5 uti. 


Latin Composition — Part LL. its 


EXERCISE 102, 


When all urged him to set forth his views! on the 
establishment of states, Scipio thus began to speak: ? 
“On this topic? Cato the Elder used often to discourse, 
whom, as you know, I loved devotedly * and to whom 
I gave myself wholly’ from boyhood. When asked 
his opinion® he would say that our state surpassed 
others for the reason that in them there had usually 
been individuals who established each’ his own com- 
monwealth with laws and statutes, as, for instance,® 
Lycurgus that’ of the Lacedaemonians; but that our 
state had been grounded by the genius not of one man, 
but of many. For he said that there had never been 
amind great enough to” foresee all contingencies,’ and 
so there was need of time” and experience in estab- 
lishing a state. Accordingly, just as was his wont, 
so my discourse ” shall now begin with ™ the “ origin” 
of a commonwealth; for I am pleased to use Cato’s 
own’ word. Furthermore I shall accomplish what is 
planned more easily if I describe ¥ our own state than 
if I devise one, as Socrates does? in” Plato.” 





1 Lit. what he thought (sentire). 

2 See Exercise 74, note 1. 

Bines: 

4 unice. 

5 See Exercise 15, note 5. 6 rogatus. 

7 See Exercise 35, note 9, and A. 205. c. 2 (317. ¢e); G. 211. 
R. 1 (a) (last example) ; H. 389. 3. 


8 ut. 22 oratio. 

9 Omit. 13 repetere. 
0 tantus... qui. 14 Jibenter. 
ll yetustas. 15 ostendere. 


16 In quoting an author as a whole, apud is used. 


fe 





VOCABULARY 








VOCABULARY. 


English words in parentheses, unless in heavy-face, are added to 
limit the range of application of the words defined. 

The principal parts of irregular verbs may be found in the verb- 
list immediately following the vocabulary. 

The gender and genitive of nouns is given when there might be 


doubt about either. 


Active verbs of the second conjugation are 


indicated by marking the long vowel of the penult. 


abl., ablative. 

acc., accusative. 
act., active. 

adj., adjective. 

adv., adverb. 

c., common (gender). 
conj., conjunction. 
dat., dative. 


tive. 


n., noun. 


A. 


a, usually untranslated ; rarely. 
is; in negative clauses, 
ullus. 

ability, virtus, -utis, F. 

able (be), posse, quire. 

about, adv., fere; with numer- 
als, circiter. 

about, prep., of place, circa 
with acc. ; (=concerning), 
de with abl. 

above, supra. 

absence, absentia. 

absurdly, absurde. 

Academy, Academia. 

accept, accipere. 

accomplish, efficere, consequi, 
facere, proficere. 

accordingly, ergo, quam ob 
rem. 

accuse, insimulare, accusare. 

accused (the), reus. 





demon., demonstra- 


F., feminine. 

gen., genitive. 
inter., interrogative. 
M., masculine. 

N., neuter (gender). 


neut., neuter. 
part., participle. 
pass., passive. 
prep., preposition. 
pro., pronoun. 
rel., relative. 

v., verb. 


achievements, res gestae. 

Achillas, Achillas, -ae, m. 

acquaintance (concrete), 
mniliaris. 

across, trans with acc. 

across the sea, transmarinus. 

act, facere. 

action, res ; (abstract), gerund 
of agere. 

add, addere ; 
and acc.). 

administer, administrare. 

admit, admittere. 

adopt (a plan), capere. 

adorn, ornare. 

advance, n., cursus, -US, M. 


fa- 


adiungere (ad 


advance, v. newt., progredi, 
procurrere, iter facere, 
ire, venire. 
advance on, accedere ad 
and acc. 


advance, v. act., of the stand- 
ards, inferre. 


117 


advice 


advice, consilium. 
advise, censére. 
Aesculapius, Aesculapius. 
affirm further, addere. 
Africa, Africa. 
Africans, Afri. 
Africanus, Africanus. 
after, conj., postquam, cum, 
ubi; often an ablative ab- 
solute may be used. 
after, prep., post with acc.; 
(=from), e, ex with abl. 
afterward, post, postea. 
again, iterum, rursus, postea. 
against, contra, in, ad with ace. 
Agamedes, Agamedes, -ae, M. 
Agamemnon, Agamemnon, 
-onis, M. 
age, of an individual, aetas ; of 
time in general, saeculum, 
agree, assentire, consentire. 
aid, n., auxilium, subsidium. 
aid, v., adiuvare, iuvare. 
aim at, petere. 
Ajax, Aiax, -acis, M. 
alarm, commovere. 
Alba Longa, Alba Longa. 
Alban, Albanus. 
Alesia, Alesia. 
Alexander, Alexander, -dri, m. 
Alexandria, Alexandrea. 
Alexandrians, Alexandrini. 
alive, vivus. 
alive (be), vivere. 
all, omnis, totus, universi. 
all of, omnis, totus. 
allow, pati. 
allow to pass, dimittere, in- 
termittere. 
allowed (be), licére. 
ally, socius. 
almost, paene, prope, fere. 
aloft, sublime. 


118 


annoyance 


alone, unus. 
along with, (una) cum with 
abl. 
already, iam. 
also, quoque, etiam. 
although, cum, etsi, 
quam, tametsi. 
always, semper. 
Amanus, Amanus. 
ambassador, legatus. 
Ambiorix, Ambiorix, -igis, M. 
ambition, ambitio. 
ambuscade, insidiae. 
ambush, insidiae. 
among, apud with acc. ; in with 
abl. ; when there is a par- 
titive idea, e, ex with abl. 
Amphipolis, Amphipolis, -is, F. 
Amulius, Amulius. 
ancestors, maiores, -um, M. 
anchor, ancora. 
ancient, vetus, -eris. 
and, et, atque (ac), -que. 
and never, nec unquam. 
and no, neque, nec ullus. 
and not, neque ; continuing 
ut ov ne, neve (neu). 
and not to, neve (neu), 
and nowhere, necubi. 
and so, itaque, igitur, eoque. 
and that not, neve (neu). 
and yet, ac tamen; in re- 
joinder, at. 
and yet not, neque (vero). 
Androsthenes, Androsthenes, 
-is, M. 
angry (be), suscensére. 
Annaeus, Annaeus. 
announce, nuntiare, docére, 
dicere, commemorare; (be- 
forehand), praenuntiare. 
announcement, nuntius. 
annoyance, molestia. 


quam- 


another 


another, alius ; (@ second one), 
alter. 

answer, respondére. 

Antioch, Antiochia. 

Antiochus, Antiochus. 

any, aliqui(s); in negative 
clauses, quisquam and ul- 
lus; after si(n), ne and 
num, qui(s); (= any what- 
soever), omnis ; rarely un- 
translated. 

any other, alius. 

anyone, after si(n), quis. 

anything, aliquid ; after si and 
ne, quid; in negative 
clauses, quid(c)quam. 

Apamea, Apamea. 

Apollo, Apollo, -onis, m. 

appear, videri, se ostendere, 
apparére, adesse. 

appearance, aspectus, -us, M., 
forma. 

appetizing, iucundus. 

appliance, res. 

apply the torch, ignem subdere. 

approach, n., adventus, -us, M. 

approach, v., accedere (ad and 
acc.), appropinquare (and 
dat.), adire (ad and acc.). 

approaching (be), subesse. 

approve, probare, approbare, 
comprobare. 

Archytas, Archytas, -ae, M. 

argue, disputare. 

argument, disputatio, the ger- 
und of disputare, ratio. 

arise, surgere, oriri. 

arm, armare. 

armed (man), armatus. 

Armenia, Armenia. 

arms, arma. 

army, exercitus, -us, M. 

around the course, per circum. 


i018) 





ask 


arrange, disponere; (to do a 
thing), operam dare. 
arrange for, parare. 
Arretium, Arretium. 
arrival, adventus, -us, M. 
arrive, pervenire, venire. 
arrow, sagitta. 
art, ars, artis, F. 
as, conj., cum; sometimes a 
participle may be used. 
as, prep., pro with abl. 
as, adv., ut ; sometimes omitted. 
as a legacy, hereditarius. 
as a matter of fact, re vera, 
sane. 
as...as, tam... quam. 
as for instance, ut. 
as it were, quasi. 
as more... so much the 
more, quanto ... tanto 
with comparatives. 
as possible, quam with the 
superlative (and a form of 
posse). 
See SOmUbreewesie: 
as soon as, simulatque, simul, 
ut primum, postquam, cum. 
as soon as possible, quam 
primum. 
as though, quasi, sic... 
quasi. 
ascend, ascendere, escendere. 
ascribe, tribuere. 
Ascurum, Ascurum., 
ashes, cinis, -eris, M. 
Asia, Asia. 
ask, for information, rogare, 
quaerere, interrogare ; as 
a favor, optare, precari, 
petere; for a thing, re- 
quirere. 
ask for, appetere. 
ask of (= about), percontari. 


assail 120 barracks 
assail, adoriri, aggredi; of a at this place, with idea of 
town, Oppugnare. motion in the context, quo. 
assassinate, interimere. at this time (general), in 
assault, impetus, -us, M. ; on @ praesentia; of the past 


town, oppugnatio. 
assemble, convyocare. 
assembly, concilium. 
assigned, definitus. 
assist, adiuvare, praesidio esse, 


subvenire. 
assistance, subsidium, aux- 
ilium. 


assistant, adiutor. 
association, coetus, -us, M. 
assume responsibility, onus 
sustinére. 
assure, portendere. 
assured (be), of things, pass. 
of explorare. 
at, in with abl., apud with ace. ; 
when motion is implied, ad 
and in with ace. 
at about, of time, ad with 
ace. 
at a distance, procul. 
at Alexandria, Alexandri- 
nus. 
at any rate, certe. 
at Cumae, Cumanus. 
at early dawn, prima luce. 
at first, primum. 
at hand (be), adesse. 
at last, postremo. 
at liberty (be), licére with 
dat. 
at midnight, media nocte. 
at night, noctu. 
at once, confestim, statim, 
protinus, simul. 
at that time, tum. 
at the same time, simul. 
at the time, of the past, tum. 
at the time (when), cum. 


only, tum. 
at war (be), bellum gerere. 
Athenian, Atheniensis. 
Athens, Athenae. 
attach, alligare. 
attack, n., impetus, -us, M., 
adventus, -us, M. 
attack, v., adoriri; of a@ town, 
oppugnare, 
attain, assequi, consequi. 
attained, partus. 
attempt, conari, temptare. 
Atticus, Atticus. 
Attius, Attius. 
August (of), Sextilis. 
Aulus, Aulus. 
auspices, auspicia. 
authority (concrete), auctor. 
Autronius, Autronius. 
autumn, autumnus. 
Averni, Ayverni. 
avert, avertere. 
avoid, vitare, circumire. 
await, expectare. 
away (be), abesse. 


B. 
back and forth, 


que. 

baggage, impedimenta. 
Bagrada, Begrada. 
Balbus, Balbus. 
Balearic, Baliaris. 
band, manus, -us, F. 
bank, ripa. 

barbarian, barbarus. 
barber, tonsor. 
barracks, casae. 


ultro citro- 


battle 1 


battle, pugna, proelium. 
battle array (line), acies, 


-ei, F. 

battle turn out disastrously, 
male pugnare (imper- 
sonal). 


be, esse, fieri; by chance, acci- 
dere ; (present), adesse. 
be... from, abesse. 
bear, ferre. 
beard, barba. 
beardless, imberbis. 
beast, belua, bestia. 
beat, caedere. 
beautiful, pulcher. 
because, (ideo) quod, quia, 
cum ; in negative clauses, 
quo. 
because of, gratia; propter 
with ace. 
become, esse, fieri. 
become alarmed, pass. of 
commovere. 
become fixed, inveterascere. 
become known, pass. of cog- 
noscere. 
bed, lectulus. 
befall, evenire. ; 
before, conj., priusquam, ante- 
quam. 
before, prep. of space, apud 
with acc.; of time and 
space, ante with ace. 
before, adv., ante, antea. 
beforehand, ante. 
beg, orare, obtestari, rogare, 
obsecrare, all with ut or 
ne (and acc.). 
beg (of), petere, contendere, 
with a, ab and abl. 
begin, incipere ; in the perfect 
tenses use coepisse, mak- 
ing this passive if the de- 


9 


~_ 


1 blest 


pendent infinitive is pass. ; 
ingredi ; of a battle, pass. 
of committere. 
begin with, repetere. 

behold, vidére. 

believe (hold an opinion), 
putare, existimare, cen- 
sére; (give credence to), 
credere. 

below, sub with abl. (rest), and 
acc. (motion). 

belt, balteus. 

bend to, accedere ad and ace. 

beneficence, beneficentia. 

beneficent, beneficus. 

benefit, n., beneficium ; oppor- 
tunitas (Haxercise 99). 

benefit, v., subvenire. 

besides, praeterea. 

besiege, oppugnare, obsidére. 

bestow, dare. 

betake one’s self, se conferre, 
se recipere, redire. 

better known, comparative of 
notus. 

between, inter and acc. 

bewail, miserari. 

beyond, praeterquam and acc. 

beyond the Po, Transpada- 

nus. 

Bibulus, Bibulus. 

bid, inbére (with infinitive con- 
struction). 

bind up, obligare. 

bird, pullus. 

Biton, Biton, -onis, mM. 

Bituriges, Bituriges, -um, mM. 

black, niger. 

blaze forth, pass. of excitare. 

blazing, flagrans. 

blessed, beatus. 

blessing, bonum. 

blest, beatus. 


blinded 


blinded, occaecatus. 
block the way, iter (-ineris, N.) 
impedire ; intercludere. 
blood, sanguis, -inis, M. 
board (a ship), conscendere. 
boast, gloriari. 
boat, cymba. 
body, corpus, -oris, N. ; (af ad- 
visers), concilium. 
Bogud, Bogud, -udis, m. 
boldly, audacter. 
boldness, audacia, confidentia. 
bond, vinculum. 
book, liber, -bri, m. 
booty, praeda. 
borders, fines, -ium, M. 
born (be), nasci. 
both, uterque, ambo. 
both ©. - aNd, eb... el. 
bound, constrictus. 
bound to, coniunctus cum 
and abl. 
bowl, patera. 
bowman, sagittarius. 
boyhood, pueritia. 
brave, fortis. 
bravely, fortiter. 
bravery, virtus, -utis, F. 
bread, panis, -is, M. 
break (camp), movére. 
break into, expugnare. 
break out, of mutiny, fieri. 
breastplate, lorica. 
bridge, pons, pontis, M. 
bring, ferre, ducere, afferre, 
perducere; (back), re- 
ducere, reportare; (to), 
afferre, adducere. 
bring about, efficere. 
bring accusation against, 
diem dicere with dat. 
bring across, transducere 
with two aces. 


122 


buy 


bring before, deducere ad 
and ace. 

bring forth, proferre. 

bring forward, producere. 

bring in, of a letter, afferre. 

bring news, nuntiare. 

bring out, producere, pro- 
ferre. 

bring to (a place), of a 


ship, appellere ad and 
ace. 

bring (together), compor- 
tare. 


bring up (a child), alere. 
bring word, nuntiare. 
broad, latus. 
broken, confectus, debilis. 
brother, frater, -tris, M. 
build, exaedificare, facere. 
building, aedificium. 
burn, neuwt., ardére, confla- 
erare, pass. of incendere. 
burn, act., incendere. 
burning, 7., incendium. 
burning, part., fervetactus. 
burst (into a place), irrumpere 
in and ace. 
burst forth, erumpere (e, ex 
and abl.). 
bury, sepelire. 
business, res, negotium, offi- 
cium, provincia. 
busy one’s self, pass. of occu- 
pare. 
but, sed, autem, vero, tamen, 
sed tamen, at, atque (ac), 
-que ; often the adversative 
idea need not be dejinitely 
expressed ; (= only), modo, 
admodum, tantum. 
but also, sed etiam. 
but if, sin. 
buy, emere. 


by 


by, of agency, a, ab with abl., 

per with acc.; the idea of 
source or sequence calls for 
e, ex with abl. 

by chance, casu. 

by far, longe. 

by night, noctu. 

by no means, minime, ne- 
quaquam, non... omnino. 

by this means, ita. 


C. 


Caesar, Caesar, -aris, M. 

Calends, Calendae. 

call (by name), appellare, vo- 
care; (summon), vocare ; 


(rouse), excitare; of a 
council or assembly, cogere, 
indicere. 


call together, convocare. 
call to mind (another's), 
commemorare. 
call to witness, testari. 
calm, placatus. 
Calpurnius, Calpurnius. 
Calvinus, Calvinus. 
camp, castra. 
Campus Martius, 
Martius. 
can, could, etc., posse. 
Canius, Canius. 
cannot, non posse. 
canvass, n., gerund of petere. 
Capitol, Capitolium. 
Cappadocia, Cappadocia. 
captive, captivus. 
capture, capere, potiri; (and 
plunder), diripere. 
care, n., fides, -ei, F. 
care for, studére. 
care more for, pluris facere. 
careful, cautus. 


Campus 


123 





centurion 


carefully, diligenter. 
carry, ferre, vehere; (back), 
referre; (to), afferre, per- 
ferre, invehere ; of a mes- 
sage, deferre ; (in different 
directions), differre. 
carry along, ferre. 
earry back (information), 
renuntiare. 
carry off, tollere. 
carry on (wan), gerere. 
carry out, perficere. 
carry through, perficere. 
Carthage, Carthago, -inis, F. 
Carthaginian, »., Carthagini- 
ensis. 
Carthaginian, adj., Poenus. 
case, causa. 
Cassius, Cassius. 
cast, conicere. 
cast about, of a garment, 
inicere. 
Castra Cornelia, Castra Cor- 
nelia. 
catch, deprehendere, interci- 
pere; of jire, comprehen- 
dere. 
catch sight of, vidére, con- 
spicere. 
Catiline, Catilina. 
Cato, Cato, -onis, M. 
cause, causa. 


cavalry, equitatus, -us, M., 
equites, -um, M. 
cavalry commander, prae- 


fectus equitum. 
cavalryman, eques, -itis, M. 
cave, specus, -Us, M. 
cease, desistere, intermittere. 
ceiling, lacunar, -aris, N. 
celebrate a triumph, trium- 

phare, triumphum agere. 
centurion, centurio, -onis, M. 


certain 


certain, adj., certus. 

certain (be), constare. 
certain, pro., quidam. 

certain one (a), quidam. 
Cethegus, Cethegus. 
chamber, cubiculum. 
champion, defensor. 
chance, occasio, potestas. 
change, mutare, commutare. 
character, mores, -um, M. 
charge, n., of soldiers, cursus, 

-us, M.; (= care), procu- 

ratio. 
charge forward, procurrere. 
chariot, currus, -US, M. 
check, reprimere, intercludere, 

sedare. 
cheerfully, laete. 
chicken, pullus. 
chief, princeps, -ipis, M. 
child, infans. 
children, liberi. 
choose, deligere, 

(= prefer), malle. 
Chrysippus, Chrysippus. 
Cicero, Cicero, -onis, M. 
Cilicia, Cilicia. 

Cimbrians, Cimbri. 
circle, v. neut., circumire. 
circle about, vagari. 
cirele, v. act., circumdare. 
circuit court, conventus, -Us, M. 
circumference, circuitus, -us, M. 
circumstance, res. 
citadel, arx, arcis, F. 
citizen, Civis. 
citizens of Utica, Uticenses. 
citizenship, civitas. 
city, urbs, urbis, F., oppidum. 
civil, civilis. 
clear, adj., of the weather, sere- 
nus. 
clear one’s self, se purgare. 


eligere ; 


124 


command 


clemency, clementia. 
Cleobis, Cleobis, -is, mM. 
Cleopatra, Cleopatra. 
close, v., claudere; (before- 
hand), praecludere. 
close at hand (be), urgére. 
close by, prope. 
closer to, propius with acc. 
close upon (be), appropin- 
quare ad and ace. 
clumsily, imperite. 
coarsely, aspere. 
cohort, cohors, -rtis, F. 
cold, frigidus. 
colleague, collega, -ae, M. 
collect, colligere, cogere ; 
money, exigere. 
colony, colonia. 
come, venire, proficisci; (to a 
place), pervenire, accedere, 
contendere. 
come again, reverti; active 
in the perfect tenses, except 
reversus. 
come down, descendere. 
come forth, prodire. 
come over, transire. 
come to a halt, consistere. 
come together, convenire. 
come to meet, occurrere. 
come to pass, evenire. 
come up (i.e. catch up), per- 
venire. 
coming, 7., adventus, -us, M. 
coming, adj., futurus. 
command, n., mandatum, im- 
peratum, iussu (defective). 
command (of), regnum. 
command, v., iubére with infini- 
tive construction, imperare 
and mandare with dative 
and subjunctive clause, 
praeesse with dat. 


of 


commander 


commander, dux, ducis, m., 
imperator. 

commence, incipere and coe- 
pisse ; see under begin. 

commit, committere; of a 
crime, admittere, facere. 

common, of bread, cibarius. 

commonly, vulgo. 

commonwealth, res publica. 

communicate, deferre. 

compel, cogere. 

complain, queri. 

complete, perficere, conficere. 

compliance, obsequentia. 

conceal, occultare, celare. 

conceive the idea of, cogitare 
with infinitive. 

concentrate, cogere, convocare, 
in unum locum cogere. 

concern, interesse; pertinére 
ad and acc. 

concession, concessus, -Us, M. 

condemn, damnare, condem- 
nare. 

condemn to death, morte 

multare, capite damnare. 

condiment, condimentum. 

conduct, deducere. 

confidence, fiducia, fides, -ei, 
F. . 

conflagration, incendium. 

confused by sleep, somno op- 
pressus. 

confusion, tumultus, -us, Mm. 

congratulate, gratulari. 

connect, adiungere. 

conquer, vincere, devincere. 

conscientiously, diligenter. 

consent, concedere. 

consider ( ponder wpon), agere 
de and abl., meditari, vi- 
dére; (have regard for), 
rationem habere with gen., 


125 





courtier 


respicere ; (regard as), du- 
cere, censére. 

consideration, ratio. 

Considius, Considius. 

conspicuous, insignis. 

conspiracy, coniuratio. 

conspirator, coniuratus. 

constrain, cogere. 

Consualia, Consualia, -ium, Nn. 

consul, consul, -ulis, m. 

consular, consularis. 

consult, consulere with acc. 

consult the auspices, auspi- 

cari. 

consume, consumere. 

consumed (be), deflagrare. 

contempt, contemptio. 

contend, contendere, dimicare. 

content, contentus. 

contingent, auxilia. 

continual, perpetuus. 

continue, act., producere. 

continuous, continuus. 

control, imperium. 

convene, act., cogere, convo- 
care. 

conversation, sermo, -onis, M. 

convince, persuadére. 

Coponius, Coponius. 

Corduba, Corduba. 

Cornelius, Cornelius. 

corpse, cadaver, -eris, N. 

Cotta, Cotta. 

couch, lectulus, lectus. 

council, concilium. 

countless, innumerabilis. 

country, locus; contrasted with 
the city, rus, ruris, N. 

courage, animus, animi, animi 
magnitudo, -inis, F-, forti- 
tudo, -inis, F. 

course, cursus, -US, M., circus. 

courtier, assentator. 


cover 


cover (up), tegere. 
crafty, subdolus. 
Crassus, Crassus. 
creature, belua. 
crime, facinus, -oris, N., scelus, 
-eris, N., peccatum. 
criticise, reprehendere. 
Crito, Crito, -onis, m. 
Critognatus, Critognatus. 
cross, ”., Crux, crucis, F. 
cross, v., transire, peragrare. 
cross over, transire. 
crossing, transitus, -us, M. 
cross-roads, trivium. 
Croton, Croto, -onis, ¢. 
crowd, v., complére. 
crown, corona. 
cruise about, navigare. 
crush, opprimere, vincere. 
ery, inquam. 
cup, poculum. 
cupidity, cupiditas. 
Curia Pompeia, Curia Pompeia. 
Curio, Curio, -onis, mM. 
current (be), pass. of adferre. 
custom, consuetudo, -inis, F. 
cut, of the hair, tondére. 
cut down, concidere. 
cut off, abscidere, demere ; 
(isolate), intercipere, se- 
cludere ; of light, officere. 
cut to pieces, caedere. 
Cynic, Cynicus. 
Cyprus, Cyprus, -i, F. 
Cyrus, Cyrus. 


D. 


dagger, pugio, -onis, M. 

daily, adj., cotidianus. 

daily, adv., of repetition, coti- 
die; of progression, in 
dies. 


126 


defile 


Damocles, Damocles, -is, m. 
danger, periculum. 
dangerous, periculosus, acer. 
dare, audére. 
Darius, Dareus. 
darkened (be), pass. of obscu- 
rare. 
dart, verutum. 
dash forward, procurrere. 
daughter, filia. 
dawn, n., lux, lucis, F. 
dawn, v., illucescere. 
day, dies, -ei, c. 
day before (the), pridie. 
dead, mortuus, interfectus, ex- 
tinctus, occisus. 
dead (be), pass. of interficere. 
dear, carus. 
death, mors, mortis, F. 
debate, n., disputatio. 
debate, v., disputare. 
decay, putescere. 
deceive, decipere. 
decide (to do u thing), statuere, 
constituere, instituere, con- 
silium capere, all with in- 
Jinitive construction ; (that 
a thing is so), statuere ; 
of a problem, diiudicare. 
decide upon, constituere with 


ace, 
declare, affirmare, demon- 
strare, docére, inquam, 


dicere, proloqui. 

declare... no (not), negare. 
decree, n., consultum. 
decree, v., constituere. 
decuman, decumanus. 
deed, facinus, -oris, N. 
deep, of sleep, artus. 
defend, defendere. 
defense, defensio, salus, -utis, F. 
defile, contaminare. 


Deiotarus 1 


Deiotarus, Deiotarus. 

dejected, tristis. 

delay, n., recusatio. 

delay, v., morari, commorari. 

deliberate, consultare. 

delight, delectatio. 

deliver (to), tradere ; 
money, Mumerare. 

Delphi, Delphi. 

demand, flagitare, poscere. 

demand back, repetere. 

Democritus, Democritus. 

Demosthenes, Demosthenes, 
-is, M. 

depart, discedere; excedere 
(with e, ex and abl.). 

depart .. . life, e vita mi- 

grare. 

departure, profectio, the ger- 
und of exire. 

deploy, exponere. 

deposit, n., depositum. 

deposit, v., deponere. 

depreciate, despicere. 

deprived of (be), desiderare. 

desert, deserere ; (from), dis- 
cedere a, ab and abl. ; 
(to), transire. 

deserted, desertus. 

design, consilium, cogitatio. 

designedly, consulto. 

desire, n., desiderium, libido, 
-inis, F. 

desire, v., velle, cupere, con- 
cupiscere. 

desist, desistere (with abl.). 

despair, desperare. 

despise, contemnere. 

destroy, delére, consumere, 
perdere (for the pass. of 
perdere wse perire or in- 
terire) ; of bridges, inter- 
rumpere. 


of 


T dislike 


destruction, interitus, -us, m. 

detain, retinére. 

deter, deterrére. 

determine (to do), instituere 
with infinitive construction. 

devastate, vastare. 

devastation, vastitas. 

device, consilium. 

devise, fingere. 

Diana. Diana. 

die, mori, emori, pass. of in- 
terficere. 

different, dissimilis. 

difficult, difficilis ; 
sage), impeditus. 

diffident, timidus. 

dignity, dignitas, maiestas. 

diligently, diligenter. 

dine, cenare, epulari. 

dinner, cena. 

Diogenes, Diogenes, -is, m. 

Dionysius, Dionysius. 

dire, taeter. 

direct (order), praecipere, iu- 
bére, imperare (see wnder 
command) ; (determine the 
direction of ), convertere. 

direct against, immittere in 

and ace. 

direction, partes, -ium, F. 

directly, protinus. 

disappoint, fallere. 

disaster, detrimentum. 

disband, dimittere. 

disclose, exponere, proponere. 

discouraged, demissus. 

discourse, 7., oratio. 

discourse, v., disserere. 

discovery, inventum. 

discuss, disputare de and abl. 

discussion, disputatio. 

disgraceful, turpis. 

dislike, odisse. 


(of pas- 


dislodge 


dislodge, expellere (with abl.). 
disorganized, perturbatus. 
dispatch, mittere. 
dispell, expellere. 
dispirit, debilitare. 
display, n., apparatus, -us, M. 
display, v., ostendere; of a 
quality, praestare. 
displease, non placére. 
dispute, controversia. 
disregard, neglegere. 
dissension, dissensio. 
distance, intervallum. 
distant, devius. 
distant (be), abesse. 
distinction, gloria. 
distress, molestia, 
-uS, M. 
distressed, subactus. 
distressed (be), 
premere. 
distressing, asper. 
distribute (to), attribuere. 
disturb, perturbare. 
ditch, fossa. 
divide, dividere. 
divination, divinatio. 
divine, adj., divinus. 
divine power, numen, -inis, 
N. 
divine, v., divinare. 
do, facere, agere, gerere. 
Domitius, Domitius. 
doubt, n., dubium, dubitatio. 
doubt, v., dubitare. 
doubtful. incertus. 
doubtless, videlicet. 
draw, 
sword, destringere. 
draw up, neut., consistere. 
draw up (troops), instruere, 
locare. 
dreadful, immanis. 


cruciatus, 


pass. 


of 


12 








8 effort 


|dream, n., somnium ; somnus 


in the phrase in somuis. 
dream, v., somniare. 
drink, bibere. 
drive, compellere. 
drive back, loco movére 
(pellere), repellere, com- 
pellere. 
drive from, eicere with abl., 
extrudere with e, ex and 
abl. 
drive to flight, in fugam dare. 
drop (a topic), omittere. 
Duilius, Duilius. 
during the night, noctu. 
dwelling, tectum. 
Dyrrachium, Dyrrachium. 


E. 
each, quisque, singuli; (oftwo), 
uterque. 
eager, alacer. 
eagerly, cupide; sometimes 
alacer. 


earlier, superior. 
early, adj., primus; (of ancient 
times), priscus. 
early dawn, prima lux, lucis, 
F. ° 
early, adv., mature. 
early in the morning, prima 
luce. 
earth, terra. 
earthworks, munitiones, -um, 
F. 
ease, otium. 


ducere, vehere; of a easily, facile. 


easy, facilis. 
eat, edere, cenare, pasci. 
edict, edictum. 


| effort, labor. 


efforts, opera (singular). 


Egypt 


Egypt, Aegyptus, -i, F. 
eight hundred, octingenti. 
eighty, octaginta. 
either’... OF) aut. 2 aut; 
subdividing a preceding 
negative, neque... neque. 
elated, sublatus. 
elated (be), pass. of efferre. 
Elder, Senex, -is. 
elders, maiores, -um, M. 
elected (be), fieri. 
election, comitia, -orum, N. 
elephant, elephantus. 
elevate, tollere. 
eleventh, undecimus. 
eloquence, eloquentia. 
embark on, conscendere. 
embassy, legatio. 
embrace, complecti. 
eminence, collis, -is, mM. 
employ (a device), sequi. 
encamp, castra facere~ (con- 
dere) ; considere. 
encourage, hortari, cohortari, 
incitare; of a _ feeling, 
augere. 
encumbered, impeditus. 
endanger, periclitari, in dis- 
crimen (-inis, N.) vocare. 
end of, extremus. 
enemy, hostis, 
inimicus. 
engagement, dimicatio. 
enjoy, frui, delectari. 
enjoy one’s self, se oblec- 
tare. 
enlist (troops), comparare. 
enough, satis, tantum. 
enrich, locupletare. 
enter, intrare, ingredi; ire, 
prodire with in and acc. ; 
of a discussion, aggredi ad 
and acc. 


adversarius, 


129 








excepting that 


enthusiasm, studium, animi in- 
citatio, contentio. 

entice, allicere. 

entice across, 

and ace. 

entreat, orare, rogare. 

entreaties, preces, -um, F. 

entrust, committere, commen- 
dare, tradere, dare. 

enumerate, commemorare. 

Ephesians, Ephesii. 

Epirus, Epirus, -i, F. 

equal, par, paris. 

equally, aeque. 

erect (building), facere. 


elicere citra 


escape from, evolare e, ex 
and abl. 

especially, praesertim, max- 
ime. 


establish, constituere, condere. 
established (be), of histori- 

cal facts, constare. 

esteem lightly, aspernari. 

eternal, sempiternus. 

Etruria, Etruria. 

eunuch, eunuchus. 

even, etiam, modo; after a 
negative, ne... quidem. 

evening, nox, noctis, F., vesper, 
-eris and -ri, M. 


event, res. 
ever (always), semper; (at 
any time), in negative 


clauses, umquam. 
every, omnis. 
everything, omnia. 
evil, malum. 
examine, scrutari, perscrutari. 
example, exemplum. 
excel, praestare, excellere. 
except, prep., praeter and acc. 
except, adv., nisi. 
excepting that, nisi quod. 


excessive 150 fight 
excessive, nimius ; of taxation, fall forward, pass. of pro- 
acerbissimus. icere. 
excite, excitare, perturbare. fall upon, aggredi ; of sleep, 
excited, incitatus. complecti. 


exclaim, inquam. 

execute (kill), interficere; of 
a plan, agere. 

exhausted,  fatigatus ; 
strength, consumptus. 

exile, exsul, -ulis, m. 

exist, esse. 

expect, expectare ; putare, ex- 
istimare with «infinitive 
construction. 

expectation, opinio. 

expedient, commodus. 

expeditiously, celeriter. 

expel, expellere. 

expense, sumptus, -us, M. 

experience, n., peritia, usus, 
-uS, M. 

experience, v., of a reverse, 
accipere. 

explain, docére. 

expose, exponere. 

express, dicere. 

extinguish, restinguere. 

extreme, magnus, summus. 

eye, oculus. 


of 


F. 


Fabius. Fabius. 

fable, fabula. 

fabricate, fingere. 

fact, res, factum; sometimes 
untranslated. 

fail, deficere. 

failing, vitium. 

fair, pulcher. 

fairness, iustitia. 

fall, cadere, concidere ; 
shadows, fieri. 

fall down, concidere. 


of 





false, falsus. 
fame, fama. 
family, familia. 
fancy, existimare, credere. 
far, longe, procul. 
farmer, arator, rusticus. 
fashion, mos, moris, mM. 
fastened, aptus. 
fasten within, illigare with dat. 
fatal, mortifer. 
father, pater, -tris, M., parens, 
-entis, Cc. 
fatherland, patria. 
fault, culpa. 
favor, ., beneficium ; 
stract), gratia. 
favor, v., favére, probare. 
favorable, secundus, aequus. 
fear, n., metus, -us, M., timor. 
fear, v., metuere, vereri, timére. 
feast, epulae. 
feeble, debilis. 
feel, putare, credere. 
feigned, simulatus. 
fellow-pupil, condiscipulus. 
ferocity, crudelitas. 
few (a), pauci. 
field, campus, ager. 
fierce, ferus. 
fiercely, acriter. 
fifteen, quindecim. 
fifth, quintus. 
fifty, quinquaginta. 
fight, n., proelium. 
fight, v., pugnare, dimicare, re- 
sistere, proeliari. 
fight against, pugnare cum 
and abl. 
fight it out, decertare. 


(ab- 


fill 


fill, complére. 
filled, of a ship, instructus. 
filled (be), pass. of afficere 
(of an emotion). 
finally, postremo. 
find, invenire, reperire, nan- 
cisci; (that a thing is so), 
animadvertere, cognoscere, 
sentire ; scire with indirect 
question. 
find fault with, obiurgare. 
find out, comperire. 
finish, conficere, perficere, fi- 
nire ; of a speech, habére. 
fire, incendium, ignis, -is, M., 
flamma. 
fired, incensus. 
firm (be), perstare. 
first, adj., primus. 
first, adv., primum. 
fish, n., piscis, -is, M. 
fish, v., piscari. 
fisher, fisherman, piscator. 
fitting (be), convenire. 
five, quinque. 
five hundred, quingenti. 
fixed, certus. 
Flaccus, Flaccus. 
flame, flamma. 
Flaminius, Flaminius. 
flank, v., intercludere. 
flee, fugere, confugere, refu- 
gere; (as a refugee), per- 
fugere, profugere. 
flee (for refuge), refugere. 
fleet, classis, -is, F. 
flight, fuga. 
float (before eyes), versari. 
flock, multitudo. 
flow, fluere. 
fly away, avolare. 
follow, sequi, persequi, subse- 
qui ; with the idea of catch- 


131 


form of 


ing up, assequi, consequi ; 
(in a hostile manner), in- 
sequi, prosequi. 
following, posterus, proximus. 
folly, stultitia. 
food, cibus. 
foot, pes, pedis, mM. ; of a moun- 
tain, radix, -icis, F. (mostly 
in plural). 
foot-soldier, pedes, -itis, m. 
for, conj., nam, enim, namque ; 
sometimes untranslated. 
for... not, neque enim. 
for, prep., ad, in and ace. ; 
(causal), de and abl., gra- 
tia and gen. ; (= concern- 
ing), de with abl.; (=in 
return for), pro with abl. 
for all time, in perpetuum. 
for a time, aliquamdiu. 
for that reason, hoc. 
for the present, in praesentia. 
forbid, prohibére. 
force, n., ViS (rare in gen.), 
Es plural = * strength” > 
(concrete), Manus, -US, F., 


copiae. 

force of will, animi feroci- 
tas. 

forces, copiae, exercitus, 
-us, M. ; 


force, v., cogere. 

forced, of marches, magnus. 

ford, (vado) transire. 

foresee, providére. 

forest, silva. 

foretell, praenuntiare. 

forget, oblivisci. 

forgiveness, venia. 

fork, furca. 

form, forma. 

form of, v., institure a, ab and 
abl. 


Sortification 


fortification, munitio, vallum, 
castra. 

fortify, munire, communire. 

fortunate, beatus, fortunatus. 


fortune, fortuna; sometimes 
personified. 

fortunes (concrete),  for- 
tunae. 


forty, quadraginta, 
found, condere, serere. 
found (be), comparére. 
four, quattuor. 
four hundred, quadringenti. 
fourteenth, quartus decimus. 
fourth, quartus. 
frankly, libere. 
free, v., liberare. 
free, adj., liber. 
free (be), (from a thing), 
carere. 
freedman, libertus, libertinus. 
freely, libere. 
frequent, creber. 
frequently, crebro. 
friend, amicus, familiaris; often 
omitted in the plural. 
friendly, amicus. 
friendship, amicitia. 
from, conj., quin. 
from, prep., a, ab, de, e, ex 
with abl., extra with ace. 
from all directions (sides), 
undique. 
from here, hince. 
from thence, inde. 
from there, illine. 
from whence, from which, 
unde. 
fulfill, conficere. 
full, plenus, satur, -ura, -urum. 
functions, partes, -ium, PF. 
furious (be), stomachari. 
further, amplius. 


132 





Germany 


furthermore, autem, praeterea, 
tum. 
future, futurus. 


G. 


Gaetulus, Gaetulus. 
gain, adipisci, assequi, impe- 
trare, conciliare. 
gain currency, valére. 
gain possession of, potiri. 
gain thorough knowledge 
of, perdiscere. 
gained, partus. 
Gaius, Gaius. 
galley, navis, -is, Fr. 
Gallia, Gallia. 
Gallic, Gallicus. 
Gallic troops, Galli. 
game, ludus. 
Ganymedes, Ganymedes, -is, mM. 
garden, hortus. 
garland, corona. 
garment, vestis, -is, F., pallium. 
gate, porta. 
gather, colligere, cogere, com- 
parare; (into a place), 
comportare. 
gather together, cogere. 
Gaul, Gallia; (a@ native), Gal- 
lus. 
Gelo, Gelo, -onis, Mm. 
general, imperator, praefectus. 
generation, aetas, saeculum, 
generosity, liberalitas. 
genius, ingenium. 
geometry, geometria. 
Gergovia, Gergovia. 
German, adj., use the gen. of 
Germani. 
German troops, 
Germani. 
Germany, Germania. 


Germans, 


get 


get along without, carére. 
get behind, se insinuare 
(with post and ace.). 
get together, parare. 
gift, praemium, donum, munus, 
-eris, N., beneficium. 
gird, circumdare. 
girl, virgo, -inis, F. 
give, dare; (to different per- 
sons), dividere; of per- 
mission, facere. 
give answer, respondére, ex- 
ponere. 
give assurance, confirmare. 
give attention, adesse animo. 
give attention to, curare. 
give direction (to), inubére, 
imperare (see under com- 
mand), monére,  signifi- 
care. 
give one’s self, se dedere. 
give orders (for), iubére, 
imperare (see wnder com- 


mand), denuntiare, edi- 
> cere, 
give orders previously, prae- 
dicere. 


give over, tradere, dare; 
(to), reddere. 
give up, reddere, dedere, 
relinquere, dimittere ; de- 
sistere with abl. ; ofaplan, 
deponere. 
give warning, monére. 
gladiator, gladiator. 
gladly, libenter. 
gleaming, fulgens. 
glory, gloria. 
Gnaeus, Gnaeus. 
go, ire, pergere, proficisci, se 
recipere ; (to), obire, se 
inferre ; (away), discedere, 
excedere. 


133 


groan 


go down, descendere. 
go forth, egredi; exire (with 
e, ex and abl.). 
go into eclipse, deficere. 
go on, pass. of gerere. 
go on ahead, antecedere. 
go over (to @ person), se 
conferre. 
go to rest, cubare. 
god, deus. 
gods of heaven, 
-um, M. 
goddess, dea. 
gold, aurum. 
golden, aureus. 
Gomphi, Gomphi. 
good, bonus ; of courage, mag- 
nus. 
goodness, bonitas. 
gore, cruor, -oris, M. 
govern, regere. 
grain, frumentum, triticum. 
grandson, nepos, -otis, M. 
grant (to), dare. 
grant permission, potesta- 
tem facere. 
granted (be), pass. of impe- 
trare. 
great, magnus, summus, prae- 
clarus. 
great (the), ille. 
great amount, 
rare), ¥. 
great enough to, 
qui. 
greatest, summus. 
greatly, vehementer. 
Greece, Graecia. 
Greek (language), 
litterae. . 
greet, salutare, appellare. 
grief, dolor. 
groan, congemere. 


caelites, 


vis (gen. 


tantus 


Graecae 


ground 


ground, n., locus ; humus, -i, F. 
ground, v., constituere. 


guard, n., custodiae, prae- 
sidium. 
guard, v., obsidére, tegere, 


praesidio esse. 
guard against, praecavere. 
guardianship, tutela. 
guide, regere. 
guilty, sceleratus. 


H. 


Hadrumetum, Hadrumetum. 
Haedui, Haedui. 
hail, appellare. 
hair, capilli. 
halt, consistere, subsistere. 
Hamilear, Hamilcar, -aris, M. 
hand, n., manus, -us, F. 
hand, v., tradere. 
handsome, eximius. 
hang, act., demittere. 
Hannibal, Hannibal, -alis, m. 
happen, accidere,  evenire, 
fieri, esse. 
happen at, of time, cadere 
in and ace. 
happening, res, eventus, -us, M. 
happiness, fortuna. 
happy, beatus. 
harangue, contio. 
hard, difficilis. 
hasten, properare, accurrere, 
concurrere, (ire) conten- 
dere, se conferre. 
hasten to aid, subvenire. 
hate, odisse. 
have, habére, obtinére. 
have beard, barbatus esse. 
have collision with, incidere 
in and ace. 
have confidence, confidere. 


134 


hinder 


have dealings, agere. 
have doubt (on a 
dubitare with acc. 
have fear (of ), timére. 
have recourse, referre. 
have such power, tantum 
valére. 
have suspicion, suspicari. 
having in the meantime, cum 
interea. 
he, often not translated ; at the 
beginning of a sentence, 
sometimes qui; is, ille; 
(reflexive), se; in resum- 
ing, rarely idem. 
head, caput, -itis, N. 
health, valetudo, -inis, F. 
healthful, salubris. 
hear, audire, accipere. 
hear of, audire. 
heart, animus. 
heat, aestus, -us, M. 
heaven, heavens (the), 
lum. 
heavy, gravis. 
height, tumulus. 
help, opitulari. 
Heraclitus, Heraclitus. 
herald, praeco, -onis, M. 
here, hic, hoc loco. 
hereupon, tum. 
Hermodorus, Hermodorus. 
Hesiod, Hesiodus. 
hesitate, dubitare (with infini- 
tive construction). 
hidden, occultus. 
hide, tegere. 
high, altus. 
hill, collis, -is, M., mons, mon- 
tis, M. 
him(self), 
sui. 
hinder, impedire. 


point), 


cae- 


ipse; (reflexive), 


his 


135 mm 


his, often untranslated ; at the | human, humanus. 


beginning of a sentence, 
often cuius ; eius; (reflex- 
ive), suus. 
hither, hue. 
hither and _ thither, 
citroque. 
Hither Gaul, Gallia Citerior. 
hold, tenére, habére. 
hold out, act., porrigere. 
hold resolutely to, perse- 
verare in and abl. 
hold true view, veritatem 
intueri. 
hold . . . view, sentire. 
holiday, feriae. seh 
home, domus, -us, F., domi- 
cilium. 
Homer, Homerus. 
honestly, sincere. 
hope, n., spes, -ei, F. 
hope, v., sperare. 
horse, equus, iumentum ; 
division of the 
equites, -um, M. 
horsehair, saeta equina. 


ultro 


(a 


army), 


horseman, eques, -itis, M. ; 
plural also  equitatus, 
-us, M. 


hostage, obses, -idis, c. 
hour, hora. 
house, aedes, -ium, F. ; the sin- 
gular means ‘‘ temple”? ; 
domus, -us, F. 
household _ gods, 
-ium, M. 
how, with verbs, quo modo, 
quem ad modum; with 
adjs. and advs., quam. 
how far, quanto. 
how large (great), quantus. 
however, autem, nihilominus, 
sed, tamen, verum tamen. 


penates, 


human race, hominum ge- 
nus, -eris, N. 
hundred (a, one), centum. 
hundred each, centeni. 
hunger, fames, -is, F. 
hungry (be), esurire. 
hurling, iactatus, -us, M. 
hurry, accurrere. 
hurry around among, con- 
currere circum with acc. 
hurry forth, erumpere. 


A 
I, ego. 
Iconium, Iconium. 
if, si. 


if not, nisi. 
ignorance, ignorantia. 
ignorant, imperitus. 
ignorant of (be), ignorare. 
ill, malum. 
imitate, imitari. 
immediately, statim. 
immediately thereafter, 
exin. 
immortal, immortalis. 
immortality, immortalitas. 
impassable, invius. 
impel, adducere. 
impend, impendére. 
imperator, imperator. 
impiety, impietas. 
impious, sacrilegus. 
impossible (be). non posse. 
impression, opinio. 
imprisonment, vincula. 
imprudence, imprudentia. 
in, in with abl., apud with ace. ; 
with an idea of motion, in 
with acc. 
in a body, universi. 


in 186 


in, continued. 

in... absence, absens. 

in advance of, ante with acc. 

in a friendly way, liberaliter. 

in an engagement, in acie. 

in arms, armatus. 

in a short time, brevi (tem- 
pore). 

in bliss, beatus. 

in charge, in command (be), 
praeesse. 

in confusion, perturbatus. 

in confusion (be), trepidare. 

in distress (be), laborare. 

in fact, vero. 

in fear, pavidus. 

in fine, denique. 

in front of, ante with acc., 
pro with abl. 

in insanity, insaniens. 

in jest, iocans. 

in order that, ut; with a 
comparative in the purpose 
clause, quo. 

in order that not, ne. 

in person, ipse, coram. 

in... presence, coram. 

in reply, contra. 

in reply to, ad with acc. 

in safety, incolumis. 

in such a way, ita. 

in terror, perterritus. 

in that way, ita. 

in the distance, procul. 

in the (early) morning, 
mane. 

in the first place, primum. 

in the habit (be), solére. 

in the interest of, causa with 
gen. 

in the meantime, interim, 
interea. 

in the midst of, in with abl. 


into 


in themselves, per se. 

in the olden time, antiquitus. 

in the rear, a tergo. 

in this way, ita. 

in vain, frustra. 

in view of, pro with abl. 

in view of the fact that, cum. 
inasmuch as, cum. 
incipient, oriens. 
inclined to think (be), nescio 

an. 
increase, 
geéere. 

incredible, incredibilis. 
indeed, vero. 
indicate, ostendere. 
individuals, singuli. 
induce, persuadére, impellere. 
industry, industria. 
Indutiomarus, Indutiomarus. 
influence, auctoritas. 
inform, certiorem facere. 
informed, edoctus. 
inhabit, incolere. 
inhabitant, incola, -ae, c. 
injure, nocére, laedere. 


act., augére, adau- 


‘| injustice, iniuria. 


innocent, innocens. 
inquire, quaerere. 
inscribe, inscribere. 
inspire, incitare, inflammare. 
inspire in, inicere with dat. 
inspire terror, territare. 
instigation, impulsus, -us, M., 
consilium. 
instruct, praecipere. 
intellect, ingenium. 
intercept, intercipere. 
internal, domesticus. 
interval, tempus, -oris, N. 
into, in, intra, with ace. 
into the neighborhood (vi- 
cinity) of, ad with ace. 


1 


invade 


invade, occupare. 

invite, invitare. 

Iphigenia, Iphigenia. 

island, insula. 

it, often omitted ; id, illud. 

Italian, Italicus. 

Italy, Italia. 

its (reflexive), suus; generally 
omitted. 

itself (reflexive), sui. 


J. 


javelin, pilum, telum. 
join, neut., occurrere, se con- 
jungere. 
join, act., addere. 
join battle, proelium com- 
mittere. 
journey, n., iter, -ineris, N., 
via, migratio. 
journey, v., iter facere. 
Jove, Iuppiter, Iovis, m. 
joy, laetitia, voluptas. 
Juba, Tuba. 
judge, n., iudex, -icis, m. 
judge, v., iudicare, existimare. 
judge truly, iudicare. 
judgment, iudicium. 
Julius, Iulius. 
junior, filius. 
Jupiter, Iuppiter, Iovis, m. 
just, paulo ante, modo. 
just a little, paululum. 
just as, ut. 


USUAS Hep SOG en SIC: 


K. 


keenness, subtilitas. 

keep, tenére, servare; of a 
promise, servare ; (back), 
continére. 


9 
oO 


T lack 


keep alive, vitam tolerare. 
keep from, prohibére with 
infinitive construction. 


keep in mind, memoria 
tenere. 

keep in place, newt., se loco 
tenere. 


keep out, excludere. 
keep remarking, dictitare. 
keeper of the sacred chickens, 
pullarius. 
kill, interficere, interimere, oc- 
cidere, concidere. 
kind (be very), amice facere. 
kindly, benigne. 
king, rex, regis, M. 
king’s (the), regius. 
kingdom, regnum. 
kingly, regius. 
kiss, osculari. 
knight, eques, -itis, m. 
know, scire, intellegere, cogno- 
scere, vidére. 
know for certain, certum 
cognoscere. 
know little (of), imperitus 
esse, 
know well, certo scire. 
knowingly, sciens. 
knowledge, scientia. 
known, notus. 


L. 


Labienus, Labienus. 
labor, labor, opera, -ae, F. 
Lacedaemonians, Lacedae- 
monii. 
lack, n., inopia. 
lack, v., egére, indigére. 
lack little of, paulum abesse 
quin. 
lack much of, multum abesse 
quin (in a negative phrase). 


lacking 


lacking (be), deesse. 

Laco, Laco, -onis, mM. 

lad, puer, adulescentulus. 

ladder, scalae. 

Laeca, Laeca. 

lake, lacus, -us, m. 

land, fines, -ium, Mm. 

Laodicea, Laodicea. 

large, magnus, amplus. 
large enough (to), tantus. 

largely, maiore ex parte. 

Larissa, Larissa. 

last, supremus. 
last of all, adv., postremo. 

late, adj., of the night, multus. 

late, adv., sero. 

lately, nuper. 

later, post. 

Laterensis, Laterensis. 

Latin, Latinus. 

latter (the), ille, hic. 

law, lex, legis, F., ius, iuris, N., 

ratio. 

lawsuit, iudicium. 

lay (ambuscade), facere. 
lay aside, ponere. 

lead, n., plumbum, 

lead, v., ducere, deducere. 


lead forth, educere, pro- 
ducere. 
lead out, producere. 
leader, dux, ducis, m., im- 
perator, princeps,  -ipis, 


M., praetor. 

leading men, principes, -um, m. 

leap across, transilire. 

learn, comperire, cognoscere, 
discere. 

learn of, cognoscere. 

least, minime. 

leave, relinquere; excedere, 
egredi with e, ex and abl. ; 
discedere de and abl., or 


138 


little 


with the abl. alone ; abesse 
a, ab and abl. 
leave out, praetermittere. 
left, reliquus; of direction, 
sinister. 
left (be), superesse. 
legate, legatus. 
legion, legio. 
legionary soldier, legionarius. 
leisure, otium. 
lend aid, adiuvare. 
leniency, lenitas. 
less, minor, -us. 
lest, ne. 
let go, missum facere, remit- 
tere. 
let loose, dissipare. 
letter, epistula, litterae. 
letter-carrier, tabellarius. 
levei, aequus. 
levy, delectus, -us, m. 
liberate, liberare (with abl.). 
liberty, libertas. 
lictor, lictor. 
lie, n., mendacium, 
lie, v., iacére, esse. 
lieutenant, legatus. 
life, vita; the singular often 


translates the English 
plural; (span of life), 
aevum. 


lift, tollere. 

light, lumen, -inis, Nn. 

like, adj., similis, talis, 

like, adv., ut. 

like, v., velle. 

likewise, idem, item. 

line (of battle), acies, -ei, F. ; 
(of march), agmen, -inis, N. 

listen to, audire. 

litter, lectica. 

little, adj., parvus. 

little Victory, Victoriola. 


little 1 


39 


march 


little (a), aliquanto, paulisper, | make, facere, efficere; of an 


paulum, paulo. 

little by little, paulatim. 

live, vivere ; (dwell), habitare. 

living, vivus. 

locality, regio, loca. 

lofty, editus, excelsus, altus. 

log, lignum. 

long, adj., of time, longinquus. 

long, adv., diu. 

longing, cupiditas. 

look back (on), respicere. 
look down on, despicere. 
look down upon, contemnere. 
look for, petere, expectare. 
look out for, providére. 
look toward, aspicere. 
look up, suspicere. 

lose, amittere, dimittere. 
lose confidence, diffidere. 
lose courage, animo 

demittere. 

loss, iactura, clades, -is, F. 

loud, magnus. 

lounge, otiari. 

love, ., amor. 

love, v., amare, diligere. 

low, inferus. 

lower, v., subducere. 

loyalty, fides, -ei, F. 

Lucius, Lucius. 

lure (forth, out), elicere. 
lure on, invitare. 

Lycaonia, Lycaonia. 

Lycurgus, Lycurgus. 


se 


M. 


Macedonia, Macedonia. 
maddened, concitatus. 
magistrate, magistratus, -us, M. 
maintain, servare, sustinére. 
majesty, maiestas. 


ambuscade, comparare ; of 
a camp, ponere ; of a plan, 
capere. 
make a difference, interesse. 
make an address, contionari. 
make anxious, commoyvére. 


make arrangement, con- 
stituere. 

make a show of indignation, 
indignari. 


make attempt, experiri. 

make clear, docére. 

make for, petere. 

make good (losses), recu- 
perare, sanare. 

make known, declarare, do- 
cére, edocére; of orders, 
praecipere. 

make plans, cogitare. 

make plot, consilium inire. 


make proclamation, pro- 
nuntiare. 

make ready (for battle), dis- 
ponere. 


make reply, dicere. 
make round of, circumire. 
make threats, minari. 


make trial of, experiri, 
temptare. 

make use of, uti. 

make war, bellum inferre 


(with dat.) ; bellum gerere. 
man, homo, -inis, c., vir; often 
omitted in the plural. 

man (a), is. 
Manlius, Manlius. 
manner, mos, moris, M. 
many, multi, frequentes, com- 
plures, nonnulli. 
many times, saepe. 
Marcellus, Marcellus. 
march, iter, -ineris, Nn. 


marching line 


marching line, agmen, -inis, N. 

march out, procedere. 

Marcus, Marcus. 

market-place, forum. 

marriage, matrimonium. 

Mars, Mars, Martis, m. 

Masinissa, Masinissa. 

matter, res; sometimes 
translated. 

Mauretania, Mauretania. 

may, posse. 

means, res. 

meanwhile, interim, interea. 

measures, res. 

meet, convenire, concurrere ; 
of expense, explicare. 

memory, memoria. 

mention, n., mentio. 

mention, v., dicere. 

message, nuntius, litterae, de- 
nuntiatio. 

messenger, nuntius, legatus. 

Midas, Midas, -ae, m. 

midday, meridies, -ei, m. 

middle of, medius. 

midnight, media nox, noctis, Fr. 

midst of, medius. 

might, posse, licére. 

mighty, magnus. 

mile, mille passus; but the 
plural milia is a@ nown. 

military service, res militaris. 

military tribune, tribunus 

militum. 

mina, mina. 

mind, mens, mentis, F., in- 
genium, animus. 

Minucius, Minucius. 

miracle, prodigium. 

misfortune, malum. 

mismanage, male 
strare. 

miss, amittere, dimittere. 


not 


admini- 


140 


must 


missile, iaculum, telum. 

mistake, error. 

mistaken (be), errare. 

mix with, newt., versari inter 
and ace. 

moderate, mediocris. 

moment, tempus, -oris, N. 

money, pecunia. 

month, mensis, -is, M. 

moon, luna. 

Moorish, Maurus. 


more, «adj., (=additional), 
alius. 

more, adv., magis, plus, am- 

* plius. 


moreover, autem, quoque. 

mortal, mortalis. 

mother, mater, -tris, F. 

mountain, mons, montis, M. 

move, neut., se movere, 
amovere. 

move, «act., movére, animo flec- 
tere; of the passage of a 
bill, referre. 

moved, adductus, incitatus. 

Mt., mons, montis, Mm. 

much, @dj., multus, magnus. 


se 


much, adv., multum, multo, 
multa, maxime,  vehe- 
menter. 


much terrified, perterritus. 

muddy, turbidus. 

multitude, multitudo. 

Munatius, Munatius. 

murder, 7., caedes, -is, Fr. 

murder, v., trucidare, interfi- 
cere. 

Murena, Murena. 

Musaeus, Musaeus. 

Muse, Musa. 

must, debére, oportére, necesse 
esse, gerundive construc- 
tion. 


mutiny 


mutiny, seditio. 

my, often untranslated ; meus. 
myself, mei. 

Mytilene, Mytilenae. 


N. 


name, 7., nomen, -inis, N. 
name, v., memorare. 
Naples, Neapolis, -is, F. 
narrow, angustus. 
native, incola, -ae, c. ' 
natural inclination, voluntas. 
nature, natura. 
nay, immo. 
nay even, quin etiam. 
near, prep., ad, circa with acc. 
near, adv., prope ; the compara- 
tive of prope may be fol- 
lowed by the ace. 
nearby, nearest, proximus. 
nearly, paene. 
necessarily, necessario. 
necessary, necessarius. 
necessary (be), necesse esse 
(with infinitive construc- 
tion). 
necessity, necessitas. 
need, n., inopia; (necessity), 
causa. 
need, v., desiderare, gerundive 
construction. 
need (be), opus esse. 
neglect, neglegere. 
neighbor, finitimus. 
neighborhood, regio. 
neighboring, finitimus. 
neither ... nor, neque... 
neque. 
Nervii, Nervii. 
never, nhumquam, nec... um- 
quam. 
nevertheless, tamen. 


141 


not 


new, novus, recens. 


new soldier, tiro, -onis, mM. 
news, novum. 
news of, fama de and abl. 
next, posterus. 
next day (the), postridie. 
next-door neighbor, proxi- 
mus vicinus. 
Nicopolis, Nicopolis, -is, F. 
night, adj., nocturnus. 
night, n., nox, noctis, F. 
ninety, nonaginta. 
ninth, nonus. 
no, adj., nullus, nihil with gen. 
no one, nemo (defective in 
gen. and abl.),c.,nec... 
quisquam. 
no, adv., non, nihil. 
noble, praestans. 
nobody, nemo (see under no 
one). 
noise, strepitus, -us, M. 
noised abroad (be, become), 
percrebescere. 
noncombatants, plebs (plebis, 
F.) inermis. 
none, nemo (see under no one); 
after ne, quis. 
none the less, nihilominus. 
nor, neque. 
not, non, ne; with adjs. and 
advs., haud. 
not alone... but also, non 
solum... sed etiam. 
not any, nullus. 
not at all, minime (vero). 
not energetic, remissus. 
not even, ne... quidem. 
not know, nescire, ignorare. 
not know enough to, nescire 
with infinitive construc- 
tion. 
not knowing, inscius. 


not 


not, continued. 
not only... but, non solum 
(modo) ... sed (etiam). 
not only... but also (even), 
non solum (tantum)... 
sed etiam. 
not only... but also, cum 
2 ee ULL: 
not only no (not)... but 
not even, non modo (non) 
... Sed ne... quidem. 
not sorry (be), facile pati. 
not to, ne. 
not want (wish), nolle. 
not wise, stultus. 
note, animadvertere. 
nothing, nihil, nec. . . quid(c)- 
quam. 
notice, animadvertere. 
notify, certiorem facere. 
notoriety, gloria. 
nourish, sustentare. 
novel, novus. 
Noviodumum, Noviodumum. 
now, nunc, iam, hodie. 
NOW: «ou NOW, alias... 
alias. 
now that, postquam. 
Numa, Numa. 
Numantia, Numantia. 
number, numerus, multitudo. 
Numidia, Numidia. 
Numidians, Numidae. 


O. 


oath, ius (iuris, N.) iurandum. 

obey, parére. 

object to, recusare. 

oblige (to do), cogere. 

obscure, obscurus. 

obscurity, obscuritas ; (meta- 
phorical), ignobilitas. 


142 








on 


obstinacy, pertinacia. 
obstructed, impeditus. 
occasion, tempus, -oris, N. 
occupy, occupare; (in 
vance), praeoccupare. 
o’clock, hora. 
Octavius, Octavius. 
odious (be), odio esse. 
of (=concerning), de with abl. ; 
(partitive), e, ex with abl. ; 
(= from), a, ab with abl. 
of course, videlicet, immo 
vero. 
of every description, cuius- 
quemodi generis. 
of fathers, patrius. 
of father(’s), paternus. 
of good family, honesto loco 
natus. 
of learning, doctus. 
of own accord, sponte. 
of Pompey, Pompeianus. 
of Tarentum, T'arentinus. 
of the forest, silvestris. 
of valor, fortis. 
of wisdom, sapiens. 
of yours, vester. 
offer, dare ; of battle, commit- 
tere. 
offer information, indicium 
profiteri. 
off guard, imprudens. 
often, saepe, saepenumero. 
ointment, unguentum. 
old, vetus, -eris. 
old age, senectus, -utis, F. 
old man, senex, senis, M. 
Olympian, Olympius. 
on, in with abl. ; with idea of mo- 
tion, in with ace.; (= con- 
cerning), de with abl. 
on account of, propter and 
ace., causa with gen. 


ad- 


on 


on, continued. 
on all sides (every side), un- 
dique. 
on foot, pedibus. 
on generous terms, liberali- 
ter. 
on guard, in statione. 
on horseback, equo. 
on that account, ob eam rem. 
on that occasion, tum. 
on the bank of, ad with ace. 
on the contrary, contra. 
on the day after, postridie. 
on the day before, pridie. 
on the ground that, quia. 
on the next day, postridie. 
on the other hand, contra. 
on the way (be), in itinere 
esse, iter facere, venire. 
once, of the past, olim. 
one, adj., unus ; sometimes un- 


translated, é@.g. ‘* (one) 
hundred.” 
one, pro., quidam, aliquis, 

unus, the indefinite second 
person. 

one... another, alius... 
alius. 

one... the other, alter... 
alter. 


one who, is qui; a participial 
phrase may sometimes be 
used. 
only, adj., solus. 
only, adv., tantum. 
onset, onslaught, 
-us, M. 
open, aperire, patefacere. 
open (be), patére. 
openly, palam. 
opinion, sententia, existimatio. 
opportunity, occasio, facultas, 
potestas. 


impetus, 


143 


pardon 


opposite, prep., contra with 
ace. 

opposite, adv., contra. 

oppressed, miser. 

or, aut, an. 

orator, orator. 

ordain, constituere. 

order, n., mandatum, cohorta- 
tio. 

order, v., iubére, imperare (see 
under command). 

ordinary, communis. 

origin, origo, -inis, F. 

Orpheus, Orpheus, -i, m. 

other, alius; (of two), alter. 

other, others (the), ceteri, reli- 
qui; (of two), alter ; ille. 

ought, opportére, gerundive 
construction, debére. 

our, often untranslated ; nos- 
ter. 

our state, patria. 
out of, e, ex with abl. 
out of breath, exanimatus. 

outcome, exitus, -Us, M., 
eventus, -us, M. 

outside, extra with ace. 

outstretched, porrectus. 

outstrip, antecedere. 

overcome, vincere. 

overcome, part., confectus, co- 
actus. 

overthrow, evertere. 

own, expressed by emphatic 
position of meus, tuus, ete. 


P. 


pace, passus, -us, M. 
Paelignus, Paelignus. 
Palamedes, Palamedes, -is, m. 
Parada, Parada. 

pardon, ignoscere. 


part 


part, pars, partis, F., locus, 
partake of, degustare. 
Parthians, Parthi. 
party, partes, -ium, F. 
pass, 7., fauces, -ium, F. 
pass, v., of a decree, facere, 
pass a decree, decernere. 
pass life, vitam agere. 
pass over, omittere, prae- 
terire. 
passions, animi. 
path, via. 
Paulus, Paulus, 
pay, persolvere. 
peace, pax, pacis, F. 
peck, modius. 
Peloponnesus, Peloponnesus. 
Pelusium, Pelusium., 
people (the), populus, plebs, 
plebis, r. 
people of Syracuse, Syra- 


cusani. 
perceive, sentire, intellegere, 
cernere. 


perform, of a command, facere. 

perfume, odor. 

perhaps, fortasse, forsan. 

Pericles, Pericles, -is, and -i, m. 

peril, periculum. 

period, saeculum. 

perish, perire, interire, pass. 
of interficere. 

permission, potestas, facultas. 

Persians, Persae. 

persistently, constanter. 

person, corpus, -oris, N. 

person (a), is. 

persuade, persuadére. 

petition, libellus. 

Phaéthon, Phaethon, -ontis, mM. 

Pharnaces, Pharnaces, -is, M. 

Philomelium, Philomelium., 

philosopher, philosophus. 


144 





Pomponius « 


physician, medicus. 

picked, delectus. 

pierce, transfigere, traicere. 

pile up, coacervare. 

pillage, expilare. 

pitch, of a camp, ponere, collo- 
care. 

pitiful, miserandus ; act., mise- 
ricors, -cordis. 

pity, misericordia, 

place, n., locus. 

place, v., ponere, 
locare. 

place beneath, subicere sub 

and ace. 

plain, campus, planities, -ei, F. 

plan, n., consilium, ratio. 

plan, v., constituere, meditari, 
proponere; cogitare, parare 
with infinitive construction. 

Plancus, Plancus. 

platform, suggestus, -us, M. 

Plato, Plato, -onis, M. 

play ball, pila ludere. 

plead a case, causam dicere. 

pleasantly, iucunde. 

please, delectare. 

pleased, laetus. 

pleasing, acceptus. 

pleasure, voluptas. 

plot, n., insidiae, coniuratio, 

plot, v., of treachery, parare. 

plunder, n., praeda. 

plunder, v., diripere, spoliare. 

plundering, rapinae. 

poet, poeta. 

point out, demonstrare, osten- 
dere. 

policy, consilium, consuetudo, 

Pompeian, gen. of Pompeius. 

Pompeians, Pompeiani. 

Pompey, Pompeius. 

Pomponius, Pomponius. 


collocare, 


Pomptinus 


Pomptinus, Pomptinus. 
Pontus, Pontus, -i, M. 
poor, pauper, -eris. 
poor dinner, cenula. 
portico, basilica. 
position, locus. 
possess power, posse. 
possible (be), posse. 
post up, proponere. 
Pothinus, Pothinus. 
poverty, inopia. 
power, potestas, potentia, mai- 
estas, imperium, regnum, 
vires, -ium, F. 
powerful, potens. 
praetorian, praetorius. 
praetorium, praetorium. 
praise, collaudare. 
praise highly, 
tollere. 
pray, quaeso, tandem. 
prayers, preces, -um, F. 
precede, praecurrere. 
predict, vaticinari. 
preéminence, exsuperantia. 
preéminent (be), praestare. 
prefer, malle. 
prepare, praeparare. 
presence, adventus, -us, M. 
presence of mind, animi 
praesentia. 
present, donare, tradere. 
present (be), adesse, interesse. 
preserve, conservare, servare. 
press on, subsequi. 
press hard, urgére. 
pretence, simulatio. 
pretend, simulare. 
prevail, vincere. 
prevent, impedire (with quo- 
minus). 
previous, superior. 
Priam, Priamus. 


laudibus 


145 





punishment 


priestess, sacerdos, -otis, F. 

prison, carcer, -eris, M., CUusS- 
todia. 

prisoner, captivus. 

proceed, proficisci, progredi, 
pergere, ire; (to do a 
thing), contendere with 
infinitive; (to a place), 
pervenire ; (out from), 
procedere. 

procession, pompa. 

proclaim, docére. 

procrastinate, tempus trahere. 

Proculus, Proculus. 

produce, facere. 

promise, 7., promissum, polli- 


citatio. 
promise, v., polliceri, pro- 
mittere, proponere, con- 
firmare. 
proof, ratio. 
prophecy, vaticinatio. 
proposition, sententia. 
Proserpina, Proserpina. 
protect, tueri, tegere, con- 
servare. 


protection, custodia. 
protract, producere. 
provide, providére; of food, 
apponere. 
province, provincia. 
provisions, res frumentaria. 
Ptolomaeus, Ptolomaeus. 
Publius, Publius. 
puffed up, inflatus. 
puffed up (be), pass. 
efferre. 
pull down, scindere. 
pull up, convellere. 
Pullo, Pullo, -onis, m. 
Punic, Punicus. 
punish, ulcisci. 
punishment, supplicium, poena, 


of 


pupil 


pupil, discipulus, 
pure, castus. 
purple-clad, purpuratus. 
pursue, insequi, premere. 
push on, instare. 
put in charge (command), 
praeponere, praeficere. 
put in one’s hands, com- 
mittere with dat. 
put off, differre. 
put out, restinguere. 
put to death, interficere. 
put to flight, fugare. 
put up, proponere. 
Pythagoras, Pythagoras, -ae, 
M. 
Pythagorean, Pythagoreus. 
Pythagoreans, Pythagorei. 
Pythius, Pythius. 


Q. 
quaestorship, quaestura. 
quarrel, controversia. 
quarter, regio. 
question, percontari. 
quick action, celeritas. 
quickly, celeriter, brevi. 
quiet, tranquillitas. 
quietly, quietus, placide, 
Quirinalis, Quirinalis. 
Quirinus, Quirinus. 
quite a distance, satis longe. 


R. 


Racilius, Racilius. 
raise, tollere. 
rapidly, celeriter. 
rashly, temere. 
rather, potius. 
rather than, potius quam ; 
with malle, quam. 


146 





reinforcements 


reach, assequi; pervenire ad 
and ace. 

ready, paratus, 

realize, sentire, vidére, intel- 
legere. 

realm, regnum ; (region), ora. 

rear guard, agmen, -inis, N. 
extremum (novissimum), 

reason that, causa... quod. 

Rebilus, Rebilus. 

recall, revocare; (to mind), 
meminisse; of anothers 
mind, commemorare. 

receive, recipere, accipere, ex- 
cipere, sumere, adsciscere. 

recent, recens. 

recognize, agnoscere. 

recollection, memoria. 

record, scribere. 

recover, recipere. 

recruit, reficere ; of the senate, 
cooptare. 

reduce, excindere. 

reduced (be), redire (with ad 
and ace.). 

refit, reficere. 

refrain from action, quiescere. 

refreshed (be), pass. of recre- 
are. 

refugee, perfuga. 

refuse, nolle; (to take), asper- 
nari, repudiare. Recusare 
with infinitive construction, 
but only when negative. 

refute, refellere. 

regain, recipere. 

regal, regius. 

regard, curare ; (think to be), 
habére. 

regarding, de with abl. 

region, locus. 

reign, regnare. 

reinforcements, auxilia. 


reject 


reject, reicere. 

relate, dicere, ferre, narrare, 
aio, perhibére. 

relative, propinquus, necessa- 
rius. 

release, n., missio. 

reliable, fidelis. 

relief, auxilium. 

relieve, liberare, levare, suble- 
vare ; (assist), subvenire. 

religion, religio. 

rely, confidere. 

relying, fidens, fretus. 

remain, manére, se continére, 
se teneére. 

remainder, remaining (the), 
reliqui. 

remark, inquam. 

remark that... not, negare. 
remark with levity, cavillari. 

remember, meminisse, recor- 
dari. 

Remi, Remi. 

remnants, reliquiae. 

remove, auferre. 

Remus, Remus. 

renew, renovare. 

renounce, contemnere. 

repair, reficere. 

repeat, instaurare. 

repeatedly, saepius. 

repent, paenitére. 

replace, neut., succedere. 

replace, act., restituere. 

reply, inquam, respondére, di- 
cere. 

report, deferre, perferre, ferre. 

repose, quies, -etis, F. 

repress, reprimere. 

repulse, n., incommodum. 

repulse, v., repellere, pellere. 

request, ., precatio; in the 
plural, preces, -um, F. 


14 


fod 


1 risk 


request, v., orare, optare. 

rescue, efferre. 

reserve, praesidium. 

resist, resistere, obsistere, re- 
pugnare; sustinére with 
ace. 

resources, facultates, -um, F., 
opes, -um, F. 

resplendent, candens. 

respond, respondére. 

rest (the), n., ceteri, reliqui. 

rest (of), reliquus. 

rest, v., requiescere. 

restore, reparare, recuperare ; 
(to liberty), vindicare with 
in and acc. 

restrain, reprimere. 

retainer, amicus, necessarius. 

retire, dormitum ire, se somno 
dare; as a military term, 
se recipere. 

retreat, n., fuga, 
-us, M. 

retreat, v., fugere, terga vertere. 

return, ., reditus, -us, M. 

return, v. neut., redire, reverti 
(active in the perfect 
tenses, except reversus). 

return, v. act., reddere, referre. 

reverse, detrimentum, incom- 
modum, calamitas. 

review, lustrare. 

reward, praemium. 

Rhine, Rhenus. 

Rhodians, Rhodii. 

rich, dives, -itis, opulentus. 

ride, contendere. 

right, dexter. 

rightfully, rightly, iure, vere. 

rise, consurgere. 

risk a battle (engagement), 
proelium committere, proe- 
lio rem committere. 


receptus, 


rivalry 


rivalry, controversia. 
river, flumen, -inis, N., amnis, 
-is, M. 
road, via, iter, -ineris, Nn. 
robe, amiculum, 
rod, virga. 
Roman, Romanus. 
Romans (the), Romani. 
Rome, Roma. 
Romulus, Romulus. 
room, cubiculum. 
rough, praeruptus ; (metaphori- 
cally), rudis. 
roughly, crudeliter. 
rouse, incendere, sollicitare ; 
of courage, confirmare. 
rout, n., fuga. 
rout, v., pellere. 
route, via. 
routed, prostratus. 
rower, remex, -igis, M. 
royal, regius. 
rudely, libere. 
rule, regere. 
rule adopted (be), pass. of 
instituere. 
ruler, rex, regis, M. 
rumor, rumor, fama. 
run, concurrere. 
run below, of a stream, sub- 
luere with acc. 
run forward, procurrere. 
rush, 7., impetus, -us, mM. 
rush, v., currere, concurrere, 
ruere. 
rush forth, se eicere (with e, 
ex and abl.). 
rush in, irrumpere. 
rush together, concurrere. 
rush upon, advolare with ad 
and ace. 
Rusipina, Rusipina. 


148 





seclude 


Ss. 


Sabine, Sabinus. 
Sabines (the), Sabini. 
Saburra, Saburra. 
sacred relies, sacra. 
sacrifice, immolare. 
safe, incolumis. 
safely, tuto. 
safety, salus, -utis, F. 
sage, sapiens. 
Saguntum, Saguntum. 
sail, n., velum. 
sail, v., navigare. 
sail away, avehi. 
sailor, classiarius. 
salvation, salus, -utis, F. 
Salvianus, Salvianus. 
same, idem. 
same...as, idem... qui. 
satisfy, satis esse. 
gave, conservare. 
say, dicere, inquam, com- 
memorare, loqui, nuntiare, 
pronuntiare, ferre, respon- 
dére ; may be implied by 
infinitive construction. 
say... not, negare. 
scale, conscendere. 
scarce, scarcely, vix. 
scatter, neut., discedere. 
scatter, act., dispergere, dissi- 
pare, pellere. 
scattered (become), pass. of 
dissipare. 
Scipio, Scipio, -onis, m. 
scorch, torrére. 
scout, explorator. 
sea, mare, -is, N. 
season, n., tempus, -oris, N. 
season, v., condire. 
seasoning, condimentum. 
seclude, relegare. 


second 


second, secundus, alter. 
second time (a), iterum. 
secretly, clam. 
secure, capere, recipere, petere. 
secure water, aquari. 
security, salus, -utis, F. 
sedition, seditio. 
see, animadvertere, cernere, 
conspicere, perspicere, in- 
tellegere, vidére. 
see into the future, provi- 
dére. 
seek, petere. 
seek after, expetere. 
seem (best), videri. 
seize, capere, corripere, occu- 
pare, potiri, possidére, 
rapere. 
-self, ipse. 
sell, vendere. 
senate, senatus, -Us, M. 
senate-house, curia. 
senator, senator. 
send, mittere ; (away), dimit- 
tere; (to assist), summit- 


tere. 

send ahead, praemittere. 

send around, circummit- 
tere. 

send away, dimittere, re- 
movere. 


send back, remittere. 
send forth, emittere. 
send into, intromittere 
and acc. 
senior, pater, -tris, mM. 
sensible, gravis. 
sentiment, sententia. 
separate, discedere. 
September (of), Septembris. 
Septimus, Septimus, 
serious, gravis. 
servant, servus, 


in 


149 





shudder 


serve, ministrare. 
service, meritum, 
-eris, N. 
Servius, Servius. 
sesterce, sestertius. 
set, adj., of time, certus. 
set, v., constituere. 
set forth, exponere. 
set out, proficisci; egredi 
(with e, ex and abl.). 
settle, componere, conficere, 
constituere. 
seven, septem. 
seventh, septimus. 
several, aliquot, 
plures. 
severe, severus. 
severe with, vehemens in 
and abl. 
severely, severe. 
Sextus, Sextus. 
shadows, tenebrae. 
shake, perturbare. 
share, sociare. 
sharer, comes, -itis, M. 
sheep, pecus, -oris, N. 
shelter, tegere. 
shepherd, pastor. 
shield, scutum. 
ship, navis, -is, F. 
shoot, of a missile, mittere. 
shore, litus, -oris, Nn. 
short distance (a), paulum. 
shortly after, paulo post. 
should, oportére, gerundive 
construction, debére. 
shoulder, humerus. 
shout, n., clamor. 
shout, v., inquam. 
show, docére; of a quality, 
praestare. 
shrine, fanum, delubrum. 
shudder, cohorrescere. 


munus, 


complures, 


* 


shut 150 sound 


shut off, secludere. 

Sicilian, Siculus. 

Sicily, Sicilia. 

siege, oppugnatio, obsidio. 
siege operations, oppugnatio. 
siege-works, munitio. 

sight, aspectus, -us, M.; (view), 

conspectus, -us, M. 

sign, signum. 

signal, signum. 

Silanus, Silanus. 

silent (be), silére. 

Silenus, Silenus. 

Silo, Silo, -onis, m. 

silver, adj., argenteus. 

silver, n., argentum. 

similar, similis. 

since, cum, quoniam. 

single, unus. 

sink, deprimere. 

sinking, demersus. 

sister, soror, -oris, F. 

Sisyphus, Sisyphus. 

Sittius, Sittius. 

situated (be), pass. of ponere. 

situation, locus. 

sit up (at night), vigilare. 

six, Sex. 

size, magnitudo. 

skiff, cymba. 

skilful, peritus. 

skill, scientia. 

slaughter, caedes, -is, F. 

slave, servus, minister. 

slavery, servitus, -utis, F. 

slay, interficere. 

sleep, n., Somnus. 

sleep, v., dormire. 

sling, funda. 

slinger, fundator. 

slowly, leniter. 

small, exiguus, parvus. 
small ship, navicula. 


smile, n., risus, -us, M. 
smile, v., ridére ; (wpon orat), 
arridére. 
smite, percutere. 
smoke, fumus. 
so, tam, ita, sic, tantum; 
(= and so, therefore), ita- 
que, igitur. 
so as not to, ne, ut neque... 
neque. 
so far, tantum. 
so far as, quod. 
so great, tantus. 
so. much..-, .) as; comin. 
quam, tantum.. . quod, 
so that, ut. 
so that no (one), ne qui(s). 
so that not, ne. 
so very, ita. 
Socrates, Socrates, -is, M. 
soldier, miles, -itis, mM. ; in the 
plural often untranslated. 
some, quidam, aliqui(s), non- 
nulli; after si and ne, 
qui(s). 
some one, aliquis. 
some . .. others, alii... 
alii. 
some... others... the 
rest, alii; .. alii. “.)re- 
liqui. 
somebody, after ne, quis. 
something, aliquid, quiddam. 
sometimes, non numquam. 
somewhat unceremonious, sub- 
agrestis. 
son, filius. 
song, Cantus, -US, M. 
soon, mox. 
sortie, eruptio. 
soul, animus. 
sound, adj., sanus, bonus. 
sound (signal), canere. 


space 


space, spatium. 
Spain, Hispania. 
spare, parcere ; 
with ace. 
speak, dicere, loqui, eloqui, 
proloqui, inquam. 
speak of, pronuutiare. 
spear, iaculum. 
specially, praecipue. 
spectator, arbiter, -tri, m. 
spend, of time, morari. 
splendid, munificus. 
spoils, manubiae. 
spur, radix, -icis, F. 
spy, ”., speculator. 
spy, v., speculari. 
squadron, turma. 
stab, traicere. 
stage, iter, -ineris, N. 
stand, consistere ; 
sustinére. 
stand against, sustinére. 
stand one’s ground, resistere. 
standard, signum. 
standard-bearer, 
-feri, a1. 
standing, dignitas. 
start, neut., pergere. 
start, act., of a fire, excitare. 
starvation, fames, -is, F. 
state, res publica, civitas. 
station, constituere. 
Stator, Stator. 
statue, imago, -inis, F., signum, 
simulacrum, statua. 
statute, institutum. 
steal, tollere. 
steep, madefacere. 
stern, vehemens. 
stick, n., fustis, -is, mM. 
stick, v., pass. of defigere. 
stick in, adhaerére ad and 
ace. 


conservare 


(endure), 


signifer, 


151 


succeed 


still, tamen. 

stir, neut., se movére. 

stir, act., permovére, commo- 
vere. 

Stoics, Stoici. 

stone, lapis, -idis, m. 

stop, neut., consistere, desis- 
tere, resistere. 

stop, act., of a fight, dirimere. 

store, condere. 

storehouse, horreum. 

storm, n., tempestas. 

storm, v., (vi) expugnare. 

storming, expugnatio. 

story, fabula. 

straight, rectus. 

strange, mirus. 

stratagem, fraus, fraudis, Fr. 

stream, flumen, -inis, N., amnis, 
-is, M., rivus. ; 

street, via. 

strength, vires, -ium, F.; for 
vis, see under force. 

strengthen, firmare, confir- 
mare; of courage, addere. 

stretch forth, porrigere. 

strew, consternere. 

strife, contentio. 

strike, ferire. 

strike down, occidere. 

strive, laborare. 

strong, firmus, validus, fortis ; 
of a bond, artus. 

strong (be), valére. 

stronghold, castellum. 

struggle, gerund of dimicare. 

study, n., studium. 

study, v., discere. 

style, apparatus, -us, M. 

subject, minister. 

subservient, supplex, -icis. 

succeed in reaching, pervenire 
ad and acc. 


SUCCESS 


success, res secundae, commo- 
dum, res bene gestae (07 
construction), 


gerundive 

victoria. 
successfully, feliciter. 
such, adj., talis, tantus. 


such (a) great (large), 


tantus. 


such (a), adv., tam (with adjs.). 


sudden, subitus, repentinus. 
suddenly, subito, repente. 
sue for peace, pacem petere. 


suffer, pati; of a wrong, acci- 


pere. 


suffer reverse, detrimentum 


accipere. 
sufficient (be), sufficere. 
suitable, idoneus. 
suited, aptus. 
Sulla, Sulla. 
summer, aestas. 


summon, vocare, evocare, ar- 


cessere. 


sun, sunlight, sol, solis, m. ; 


sometimes personified. 
sunset, solis occasus, -us, M. 
Superbus, Superbus. 
superior, superior. 
suppliant, suplex, -icis, c. 


supply, copia; concrete in the 


plural. 


support, praesidium, subsidium., 


supported, fultus. 

surely, sane. 

surpass, superare, praestare. 
surprised, necopinans. 
surrender, n., deditio. 


surrender, v., in deditionem 


venire, se tradere. 


surround, newl., circumvenire. 


surround, act., cingere. 


surround (with wall), cir- 


cummunire. 


2 take 


suspect, suspicari. 
suspicion, suspicio. 
sustain, of a loss, accipere. 
sutler, lixa, -ae, M. 
swamp, palus, -udis, F. 
swan, cygnus. 

swear, iurare. 

sweat, sudor. 

sword, gladius, ferrum, 
Syracuse, Syracusae. 
Syria, Syria. 


he 


table, mensa. 
tainted, inquinatus. 
take, capere, accipere, potiri; 


of a _ city, expugnare ; 
(from), detrahere ; (with), 
ducere. 

take arms against, armatus 
consistere contra and acc. 

take away, tollere. 

take delight, delectari, lae- 
tari. 

take dinner, cenare. 

take down, demere. 

take for granted, animo 
praecipere. 

take measures, consulere. 

take oath, iurare. 

take one’s ease, se oblectare. 

take one’s stand, consistere. 

take out, abducere. 

take place, fieri, the pass. of 
gerere and agere; of a 
battle, pass. of pugnare ; 
of election, pass. of habére. 

take position, considere. 

take possession of, potiri, 
occupare. 

take refuge, se recipere, re- 
fugere. 


take 


take, continued. 
take seat, considere. 
take stand, consistere. 
take station, considere. 
take up, tollere; of time, 
consumere. 
take upon (one’s 
sumere with dat. 
taking of an oath, ius (iuris, 
N.) jurandum. 
talent, talentum. 
talk, loqui; (with), colloqui. 
talk of, dicere, loqui with de 
and abl. 
Tarquinius, Tarquinius. 
task, onus, -eris, N. 
Tatius, Tatius. 
Tauris, Tauris, -idis, F. 
taxation, tributum (plural). 
teach, docére. 
tear, n., lacrima; for the plu- 
ral, fletus, -us, M., may be 
used. 
tear open, divellere. 
temple, templum. 
ten, decem. 
tenth, decimus. 
terms, condicio. 
terrified, perterritus. 
terrify, terrére. 
territory, fines, -ium, M. 
terror, timor, metus, -us, M. 
test, temptare, experiri. 
testimony, indicium. 
Teutons, Teutones, -um, mM., 
and Teutoni. 
than, quam; sometimes not 
translated (see Exercise 7, 
note 4). 
thank, grates (gratias) agere. 
Thapsus, Thapsus. 
that, demon., ille, iste, is (qui- 
dem), hic; sometimes 


self), 


153 


they 


omitted, e.g. ‘* (that) of,” 
** (those) who.” 
that, rel., qui, quae, quod. 
that, conj., (causal), quod ; 
(purpose and result), ut; 
(purpose), quo; with verbs 
of fearing, ne. 
that no (one), ne qui(s). 
that not, ne; with verbs of 
fearing, ut and ne non. 
thatch, stramentum (plural). 
the, generally untranslated ; is, 
hic, ille, iste (contemptu- 
ous) ; (= whatever), qui. 
the more, magis. 
the one, ille. 
the one... the other, alter 
. . alter: 
their, often untranslated ; eo- 
rum ; (reflexive), suus. 
themselves, ipsi. 
then, tum, deinde, 
dein. 
then at length, tum denique. 
then too, vero. 
thence, inde. 
Theodorus, Theodorus. 
theory, studium. 
there, ibi, in eo loco; at the 
beginning of a sentence, 
ubi; often untranslated, 
e.g. * (there) is.” 
thereafter, postea. 
therefore, itaque, igitur, ergo, 
qua re, quapropter, quam 
ob rem, ex quo. 
thereupon, tum, deinde, quam 
ob rem, quo facto. 
these, see this. 
Thessaly, Thessalia. 
they, ii; (reflexive), se; at the 
beginning -of a sentence, 
qui. 


denique, 


thick 


thick, conferti. 
thing, res ; often untranslated. 
thing which (a), id quod. 
think, censére, arbitrari, cre- 
dere, existimare, putare, 
iudicare, sentire; videri 
with dat.; (consider as), 
ducere ; (advise), censére ; 
sometimes the verb may be 
implied by the use of the 
infinitive construction. 
think about, think of, cogi- 
tare de and abl., in men- 
tem venire with gen. of 
the thing and dat. of the 
person. 
think best, videri with dat. 
third, tertius. 
thirst, sitis, -is, F. 
thirsty (be), sitire. 
thirty, triginta. 
this, is, hic, iste (of the second 
person), ille ; at the begin- 
ning of a sentence, qui; 
sometimes untranslated. 
thither, eo; at the beginning 
of a sentence, quo. 
those, see that. 
thou, tu. 
though, cum, etsi, quamquam. 
thousand, mille (indeclinable 


adj.); ~~ plural, milia, 
-ium, N. 

threaten, minari; of things, 
impendeére. 


three, tres, tria. 
through, through agency of, 
per with ace. 
through fear of, participle of 
vereri. 
throw, iacere, mittere, coni- 
cere: 
throw down (arms), proicere. 


154 


trader 


throw into confusion, in 
terrorem convertere. 
throw off guard, in negle- 
gentiam adducere. 
throw out, proicere. 
thunderbolt, fulmen, -inis, nN. 
thus, ita. } 
Thysdra, Thysdra. 
Tiber, Tiberis, -is, m. 
tie, vinculum. 
time, tempus, -oris, N. 
title, cognomen, -inis, N. 
Titus, Titus. 
to, prep., ad, in, with ace. ; so 
versus, but postpositive ; 
cum and abl. (with loqui). 
to the house of, ad with acc. 
to the interest of (be), inter- 
esse. 
to the neighborhood of, ad 
with acc. 
to the place, eo. 
to this place, huc ; at the be- 
ginning of a sentence, quo. 
to which, quo. 
to, conj., ut, causa, gratia. 
to avoid, ne. 
topic, res. 
torture, n., cruciatus, -us, M. 
torture, v., cruciare, excruci- 
are. 
toss about, iactare. 
tottering, praecipitans. 
touch, attingere. 
toward, ad with acc. ; so ver- 
sus, but postpositive ; some- 
times, ad. . . versus. 
tower, turris, -is, F. 
town, oppidum, urbs, urbis, F., 
villa. 
townsman, municeps, -ipis, M. 
townspeople, oppidani. 
trader, negotiator. 


trample upon 


trample upon, proterere. 
transact, conficere. 
transact business, res gerere. 
transcendent, eximius. 
transfer to, collocare in and abl. 
transmit, tradere. 
transport, oneraria (sc. navis). 
Trasimenus, Trasimenus. 
travel, ire. 
traverse, ingredi. 
treachery, perfidia, proditio, 
insidiae. 
treat with, agere cum and abl. 
treaty, foedus, -eris, N. 
tree, arbor, -oris, F. 
Treviri, Treviri. 
trial, iudicium. 
tribunal, tribunal, -alis, x. 
tribune, tribunus. 
triumph, triumphus. 
troops, copiae, milites, -um, M. 
Trophonius, Trophonius. 
truce, indutiae. 
true, verus. 
truly, vere. 
trumpet, signum. 
trumpeter, tubicen, -cinis, M. 
trunk, proboscis, -idis, F. 
trust, credere, confidere. 
truth, veritas. 
try, temptare ; conari (with in- 
Jinitive construction). 
Tubero, Tubero, -onis, mM. 
Tullius, Tullius. 
turn, convertere. 
turn aside, avertere (with a, 
ab and abl.). 
turn away, avertere. 
turn out, neut., evenire. 
turn upon, convertere ad 
and ace. 
Tusculan, Tusculanus. 
twenty, viginti. 


155 


until 


twice, bis. 

two, duo, duae, duo. 
two days, biduum. 
two hundred, ducenti. 
two years, biennium. 

tyrant, tyrannus. 


U. 


Ulysses, Ulixes, -is, m. 
unable (be), non posse. 
unacceptable, ingratus. 
unarmed, inermis. 
unbearable, non ferendus. 
unbroken, continens. 
unburied, inhumatus. 
uncertain, incertus. 
under, in, sub and abl. 
under compulsion, coactus. 
understand, intellegere, vidére. 
undertake, suscipere. 
undertake defence, causam 
defendere. 
undertaking, inceptum. 
unexpected, repentinus. 
unexpectedly, improviso. 
unfavorable, iniquus. 
unfavorable nature, iniqui- 
tas. 
unharmed, incolumis. 
uninjured, intactus. 
union, consensus, -US, M. 
unite, coniungere. 
universe, mundus. 
unjust, iniustus. 
unlearned, imperitus. 
unless, nisi. 
unparalleled, singularis. 
unprotected, apertus. 
until, prep., (usque) ad, ante 
with ace. 
until, conj., donec, dum, ante- 
quam, priusquam. 


unused to 


156 


want 


unused to, insolitus ad and| very, ipse; the comparative or 


aces 
unwilling, invitus. 
unwilling (be), nolle. 

unwounded, sine vulnere. 

uphold, defendere, tutari. 

upon, in with abl. ; of motion, 
in with ace. 

uproar, strepitus, -us, M. 

up to, ad with ace. 

urge, cohortari, hortari; agere 
cum and abl.; petere a, 
ab and abl. 

usage, mos, moris, M. 

use, uti; passive supplied by 
usui esse and usurpari. 

used (be), solére ; the imper- 
fect tense may convey this 
implication of the past. 

useful, utilis. 

useless, inutilis. 

usual, wse solére. 

usually, fere, or use solére. 

Utica, Utica. 

Uticans, Uticenses. 

utility, usus, -us, M. 

utter (speech), habére. 

Uzita, Uzita. 


Wis 


valley, vallis, -is, F. 
valor, virtus, -utis, F. 
vanish, pass. of amittere. 
varied, varius. 
Varro, Varro, -onis, M. 
Varus, Varus. 
Vasius, Vasius. 
Vatinius, Vatinius. 
Velleius, Velleius. 
venture, audére. 
Vercingetorix, Vercingetorix, 
-igis, M. 


superlative degree of adjs. 
and advs. 
very fond of (be), amare. 
very large, permagnus. 
very often, saepenumero, 
very one (the), is ipse. 
veteran, adj., veteranus. 
veteran, 7., miles (-itis, m.) vet- 
eranus, or veteranus alone. 
victor, victor. 
victorious, victor, -trix. 
victory, victoria, proelium se- 
cundum. 
vigorous, acer. 
vigorously, acriter. 
vile, nefarius, 
villa, villa. 
village, vicus. 
violence, importunitas. 
virtue, virtus, -utis, F. 
vision, somnium. 
visit, adire. 
voice, vOx, vocis, F. 
voluntarily, ultro. 
Vorenus, Vorenus. 
vote, n., sententia. 
vote, v., decernere. 
votive, votivus. 
vow, devovére. 
voyage, navigatio. 


W. 


wait, morari, commorari. 
wait for, expectare; of an 

attack, excipere. 

walk about, ambulare, obver- 
sari. 

wall, murus, munitio; vallum 
(technical, of a camp). 

want, 7., inopia. 

want, v., velle. 


wanting 


wanting (be), deesse. 
war, bellum. 
warn, monére, admonére, de- 
terrere. 
warning, admonitio. 
warrior, propugnator. 
watch, n., of the night, vigilia. 
watch, v., observare. 
water, aqua. 
wave, unda. 
way, iter, -ineris, N., 
(metaphorical), ratio. 
we, nos. 
weak, infirmus. 
wealth, copiae. 
weapon, telum. 
wear, gerere, ferre. 
wear out, conficere. 
weariness, lassitudo, -inis, F. 
weary, confectus, fessus. 
weary with, fessus de and 
abl. 
weep, flére, lacrimare. 
weight, vis (gen. rare), F. 
well, bene ; with vidére, plane. 
well balanced, constans. 
well known. nobilis, notus. 
what (exclamatory and inter.), 
qui, quae, quod (adj.), 
quid (7.). 
what great, quantus. 
what, compound rel., id quod 
or quod alone. 
whatever, quidquid. 
whatsoever, quidcumque. 
wheel about, se convertere, se 
vertere. 
when, cum, postquam, ubi, ut; 
quo quidem tempore. 
whence, unde. 
where, inter., ubi. 
where, rel., ubi, qua. 
whereas, autem, vero. 


via ; 


157 


wish 


whether, num (with neutral 


force in indirect ques- 
tions). 

whether any, num qui(s), 
ecqui(s). 

whether ... or, utrum 
(-ne) ... an, or simply 
an with the second ques- 
tion. 

whether . . . or not, in in- 
direct questions, utrum 
. - - necne. 


which, rel., qui, quae, quod. 
which, inter.. of two, uter. 
while, cum, dum; (adversa- 
tive), autem or untrans- 
lated. 
whisper, susurrus, -i, M. 
whithersoever, quascumque in 
partes. 
who, inter., quis, quae (quid). 
who, rel., qui, quae (quod). 
whole (of), totus, omnis. 
wholly, totus. 
why, cur, quare, quid, cuius 
rei causa. 
why not, quin. 
wicked, malus, maleficus, ne- 
farius. 
wife, uxor, coniunx, -ugis, F. 
will, velle. 
willing (be), velle. 
win (the day), vincere; (in- 
Jluence), comparare. 
win over, allicere. 
wind, ventus. 
wing, cornu, -Us, N. 
winter, n., hiemps, hiemis, F. 
winter quarters, hiberna. 
winter, v., hiemare. 
wisdom, prudentia. 
wise, sapiens, doctus. 
wish, velle. 


with 


158 


Zama 


with, cum and abl., apud with | work, v., negotiari. 


acc. 
with all speed, celeriter. 
with a view to, causa. 
with joy, laetus. 
with neighbors, finitimus. 
with reference (regard) to, 
de with abl. 
with tears, flens. 
with the idea of, causa. 
with the intention, eo animo. 
withdraw, newt., se recipere, 
recedere, loco cedere; dis- 
cedere (with e, ex and 
abl.) ; (from), excedere 
with abl. 
withdraw, act., revocare ; de- 
ducere (with de and abl.). 
within, in with abl., intra with 
acc. ; with idea of motion, 
in and intra with acc. ; 
(within self), cum with 
abl. 
without, conj., quin. 
without, prep., extra, ante 
with ace. ; sine with abl. 
without .. . order, iniussu. 
without warning, de impro- 
viso. 
withstand, of an attack, exci- 
pere. 
woman, mulier, -ieris, F. 
wonder, mirari. 
wonder at, admirari. 
wonderful, admirandus, 
credibilis. 
wont, n., consuetudo, -inis, F. 
wont (be), solére. 
woollen, laneus. 
word, verbum, dictum ; in plu- 
ral often not translated. 
work, n., labor; (concrete), 
opus, -eris, N. 


in- 


world, orbis (-is, Mm.) terrarum. 
would, velle, solére. 

would not, nolle. 
wound, 2., vulnus, -eris, N. 
wound, v., vulnerare. 
wreckage, strages, -is, F. 
wrest, eripere. 
wretched, miser. 
write, scribere, conscribere. 
writer, auctor. 
wrong, facinus, -oris, N.; in- 

iuria, scelus, -eris, N. 


X. 


Xenocrates, Xenocrates, -is, M. 
Xenophon, Xenophon, -ontis, 
M. 


Ne 


year, annus. 
yesterday, heri. 
yesterday’s, hesternus. 
yet, of time, adhuc ; (adversa- 
tive), autem, tamen. 
yield, cedere. 
yoke, iugum. 
yonder, ille. 
you, tu, Vos. 
younger (the), filius. 


young man, iuvenis, adule- 
scens. 

your, often untranslated ; tuus, 
vester. 

yourself, ipse. 

youth, adulescentia; (con- 
crete), adulescentulus, 
iuvenis. 


Z. 


Zama, Zama. 


VERB 


[Obvious compounds of verbs in 


LISS. 


common use are listed under the 


simple verbs.] 


adipiscor, 38, adeptus sum. 
ago, 3, egi, actus. 
exigo, 3, -egi, -actus. 
aio, defective; B. 135; A. 144. 
an(206. a); (Ge ii5; 1 EX. 
300. 
allicio, 3, -lexi (-licui), -lectus. 
alo, 3, alui, alitus (altus). 
arcesso, 3, arcessivi, arcessitus. 
ardeo, 2, arsi, arsurus. 
audeo, 2, ausus sum. 
augeo, 2, auxi, auctus; 
adaugeo. 


so 


pibo, 3, bibi. 


cado, 3, cecidi, casurus. 
accido, 3, -cidi; so concido 
and incido (incasurus). 
caedo, 8, cecidi, caesus. 
abscido, 5, -cidi, -cisus; so 
concido and occido, 
cano, 3, cecini. 
concino, 3, -cinui. 
capio, 3, cepi, captus. 
accipio, 3, -cepi, -ceptus ; so 
decipio, excipio, incipio, 
intercipio, praecipio, re- 
cipio, suscipio. 
cayveo, 2, cavi, cauturus. 
praecayeo, 2, -cavi, -cautum 
(est). 
cedo, 3, cessi, cessum (est); so 
accedo, antecedo, concedo, 


discedo, excedo, procedo, 
recedo, succedo. 
censeo, 2, censui, census. 
suscenseo, 2, -censui. 
cerno, 3, crevi. 
decerno, 3, -crevi, -cretus. 
cingo, 3, cinxi, cinctus. 
claudo, 3, clausi, clausus. 
excludo, 38, -clusi, -clusus; 
so intercludo, praecludo, 
secludo. 
cogo, 3, -egi, -actus. 
colo, 8, colui, cultus. 
incolo, 3, -colui. 
comperio, 4,comperi, compertus. 
complector, 3, complexus sum. 
compleo, 2, -plevi, -pletus. 
consido, 3, -sedi, -sessum (est). 
consulo, 3, consului, consultus. 
contemno, 38, contempsi (-tem- 
si), contemptus. 
credo, 3, credidi, creditus. 
cubo, 1, cubui, cubiturus. 
cupio, 3, cupivi, cupitus. 
concupisco, 3, -cupivi, -cupi- 
tus. 
curro, 3, cucurri, cursum (est). 
accurro, 8, -curri (-cucurri), 
cursum (est); so concurro, 
occurro, procurro. 
praecurro, 3, -cucurri, -cur- 
sum (est). 
succurro, 3, -curri, -cursum 


(est). 


159 


160 Verb 


defendo, 3, defendi, defensus. 

deleo, 2, delevi, deletus. 

demo, 3, dempsi, demptus. 

dico, 3, dixi, dictus ; so edico, 
indico, praedico. 

disco, 5, didici; so perdisco. 

dispergo, 3, -spersi, -persus. 

divido, 8, divisi, divisus. 

do, 1, dedi, datus ; so circumdo. 

addo, 3, -didi, -ditus; so 

condo, dedo, prodo, reddo, 
subdo, trado. 

doceo, 2, docui, doctus; so 
edoceo. 

duco, 3, duxi, ductus ; so abdu- 
co, adduco, deduco, educo, 
perduco, produco, reduco, 
subduco, transduco. 


edo, 3, edi, esus. 
egeo, 2, egui. 
elicio, 3, -licui, -licitus. 
emo, 3, emi, emptus. 
dirimo, 8, -emi, -emptus; so 
interimo. 
eo, ire, ivi, itum (est). 
adeo, -ire, -li, -itus; so cir- 
cumeo, ineo, praetereo, 
transeo. 
exeo, -ire, -ii, itum (est) ; so 
intereo, obeo, pereo, pro- 
deo, redeo. 
esurio, 4. 
excello, 3, -cellui, -celsus. 
experior, 4, expertus sum. 
explico, 1, -plicui (-plicavi), 
-plicitus (-plicatus). 


facio, 8, feci, factus ; so made- 
facio, patefacio; passive, 

fio. 
afficio, 3, -feci, -fectus; so 
conficio, deficio, efficio, in- 


List. 
terficio, officio, perficio, 
praeficio, proficio, reficio, 
sufficio. 


fallo, 3, fefelli, falsus (as adj.), 
refello, 3, -felli. 
fateor, 2, fassus sum. 
profiteor, 2, -fessus sum. 
faveo, 2, favi, fauturus. 
ferio, 4. 
fero, ferre, tuli, latus; so de- 
fero, perfero, profero. 
affero, -ferre, attuli, allatus. 
aufero, -ferre, abstuli, ablatus. 
confero, -ferre, -tuli, collatus. 
differo, -ferre, distuli, dilatus. 
effero, -ferre, extuli, elatus. 
infero, -ferre, intuli, illatus. 
refero, -ferre, rettuli, relatus. 
fido, 8, fisus sum; so confido, 
diffido. 
figo, 3, fixi, fixus; so defigo, 
transfigo. 
fingo, 3, finxi, fictus. 
fio, fieri, factus. 
flecto, 3, flexi, flexus. 
fleo, 2, flevi, fletus. 
fluo, 8, fluxi, fluxus (as adj.). 
fruor, 3, fructus sum. 
fugio, 3, fugi, fugiturus. 
confugio, 3, -fugi; so perfu- 
gio, profugio, refugio. 
fundo, 3, fudi, fusus; so pro- 
fundo. 
gemo, 8, gemui; so congemo. 
gero, 3, gessi, gestus. 
gradior, 3, gressus sum ; so ag- 
gredior, egredior, ingre- 
dior, progredior. 


habeo, 2, habui, habitus. 
perhibeo, 2, -hibui, -hibitus ; 
_so prohibeo, 


Verb 


haereo, 2, haesi, haesurus; so 
adhaereo. 
horreo, 2, horrui. 
cohorresco, 3, -horrui. 


ico, 38, ici, ictus. 

incendo, 3, -cendi, -census. 

indigeo, 2, indigui. 

inquam, defective; B. 154; A. 
144. b (206. 0); G. 175. 2; 
H. 300. 

inveterasco, 3, -veteravi. 


iacio, 3, ieci, iactus. 
abicio, 3, -leci, -iectus; so 

conicio, eicio, inicio, pro- 
icio, reicio, subicio, traicio. 

iubeo, 2, iussi, iussus. 

iungo, 38, iunxi, iunctus; so 
adiungo, coniungo. 

iuvo, 1, iuvi, iutus; so adiuvo. 


laedo, 3, laesi, laesus. 
lego, 3, legi, lectus ; so colligo, 
deligo, eligo. 
diligo, 3, -lexi, -lectus; so 
intellego, neglego. 
licet, 2, licuit (licitum est). 
linquo, 3, liqui. 
relinquo, 3, -liqui, -lictus. 
loquor, 3, locutus sum ; so col- 
loquor, eloquor, proloquor. 
luceo, 2, luxi. 
illucesco, 3, -luxi. 
ludo, 3, lusi, lusum (est). 
luo, 3, lui. 
subluo, 3, -lutus. 


malo, malle, malui. 

maneo, 2, mansi, mansurus. 

memini, defective; B. 1338; A. 
143. ¢ (205); G. 175. 5. b; 
H. 299. 


List. 161 


metuo, 3, metui. 

mitto, 38, misi, missus; so 
amitto, admitto, committo, 
circummitto, demitto, di- 
mitto, emitto, immitto, in- 
termitto, intromitto, omitto, 


praemitto, praetermitto, 
promitto, remitto, sum- 
mitto. 


moneo, 2, monui, monitus. 

morior, 5, mortuus sum; so 
emorior. 

moyeo, 2, movi, motus ; so amo- 
veo, admoveo, commoyeo, 
permoyveo, removeo. 


nanciscor, 3, nactus sum. 

nascor, 3, natus sum. 

nescio, 4, -scivi o7 -scii. 

noceo, 2, nocui, nocitum (est). 

nolo, nolle, nolui. 

nosco, 8, novi, notus; 
ignosco (ignoturus). 

agnosco, 3, -gnovi, -gnitus; 

so cognosco. 


sO 


obliviscor, 3, oblitus sum. 

odi, defective; B. 1383; A. 148. 
a (205); G. 175. 5. c; H. 
299. 

offendo, 3, -fendi, -fensus. 

orior, 4, ortus sum ; so adorior. 


parco, 3, peperci (parsi), par- 
surus. 

pareo, 2, parui, pariturus. 

pasco, 3, pavi, pastus. 

pateo, 2, patui. 

patior, 3, passus sum. 

pello, 3, pepuli, pulsus. 

appello, 3, -puli, -pulsus; so 

compello, expello, impello, 
repello (reppuli). 


162 


pendeo, 2, pependi. 
impendeo, 2. 

pereutio, 3, -cussi, -cussus. 

perdo, 38, -didi, -ditus; (= de- 
stroy), use pereo or in- 
tereo for pass. 

pergo, 3, perrexi, perrectus. 

peto, 3, petivi (-ii), petitus ; so 
appeto, expeto, repeto. 

polliceor, 2, pollicitus sum. 

pono, 3, posui, positus ; so ap- 
pono, compono, depono, 
dispono, expono,  inter- 
pono, praepono, propono. 

posco, 3, poposci. 

possum, posse, potui. 

potior, 4, potitus sum. 

prehendo, 3, prehendi, prehen- 
sus; so comprehendo, de- 
prehendo, reprehendo. 

premo, 3, pressi, pressus. 

deprimo, 3, -pressi, -pressus ; 

so Opprimo, reprimo. 

proficiscor, 3, profectus sum. 


quaero, 

tus. 
conquiro, 3, -quisivi, -quisi- 

tus; so requiro. 

queo, quire, quivi (quitus). 

queror, 3, questus sum. 

quiesco, 38, quievi, quieturus ; 
30 requiesco. 


3, quaesivi, quaesi- 


rapio, 3, rapui, raptus. 
corripio, 8, -ripui, -reptus ; 
so diripio, eripio. 
rego, 3, rexi, rectus. 
porrigo, 3, -rexi, -rectus. 
reperio, 4, repperi, repertus. 
restinguo, 3, -stinxi, -stinctus. 
rideo, 2, risi, risum (est) ; so 
arrideo (-risus). 


List. 

rumpo, 8, rupi, ruptus; so 
erumpo, interrumpo, ir- 
rumpo. 


ruo, 3, rui, ruiturus. 


salio, 4, salui. 
transilio, 4, -silui. 
scando, 3, scandi, scansus. 
ascendo, 3, -scendi, -scensus ; 
so conscendo, descendo, 


escendo. 

scindo, 38, scidi, scissus; so 
excindo. 

scisco, 38, scivi; so adscisco 
(-scitus). 


scribo, 3, scripsi, scriptus; so 
conscribo, inseribo. 
sedeo, 2, sedi, sessurus. 
obsideo, 2, -sedi, -sessus; so 
possideo. 
praesideo, 2, -sedi. 
sentio, 4, sensi, sensus; so 
assentior (deponent), con- 
sentio. 
sepelio, 4, sepelivi, sepultus. 
sequor, 3, secutus sum ; so asse- 
quor, consequor, insequor, 
persequor, prosequor, sub- 
sequor. 
sero (sow), 3, sevi, satus. 
sero (entwine), 3, defective ; 
G. 142. 3. 
desero, 3, -serui, -sertus; so 
dissero. 
sileo, 2, silui. 
sisto, 8, ——, staturus. 
consisto, 3, -stiti; so desisto, 
existo, obsisto, resisto, 
subsisto. 
sitio, 4, sitivi. 
soleo, 2, solitus sum. 
solvo, 3, solvi, solutus ; so per- 
solvo, 


Verb 


-spicio ; aspicio, 3, spexi, -spec- 
tus ; so conspicio, despicio, 


perspicio, respicio, su- 
spicio. 
spondeo, 2, spopondi, spon- 
sus. 
respondeo, 2, -spondi, -spon- 
sus. 


statuo, 3, statui, statutus. 
constituo, 3, -stitui, -stitutus ; 
so instituo. 
sterno, 8, stravi, stratus; so 
consterno. 
sto, 1, steti, statum (est). 
consto, 1, -stiti; so insto, 
persto, praesto. 
stringo, 3, strinxi, strictus ; so 
astringo, destringo. 
struo, 3, struxi, structus; so 
extruo, instruo. 
studeo, 2, studui. 
suadeo, 2, suasi, suasum (est) ; 
so persuadeo. 


sum, esse, fui; so absum 
(perfect, afui), adsum 
(perfect, affui), desum, 
intersum, praesum, sub- 
sum (no perfect), super- 
sum. 

sumo, 3, sumpsi, sumptus; so 
consumo. 


surgo, 5, surrexi, surrecturus ; 
so consurgo. 


tango, 3, tetigi, tactus. 
attingo, 3, -tigi, -tactus. 
tego, 3, texi, tectus. 
tendo, 3, tetendi, tensus (ten- 
tus). 
contendo, 3, -tendi, -tentus ; 
so portendo. 
ostendo, 38, -tendi, -tensus 
(-tentus), 


List. 163 


teneo, 2, tenui. 
contineo, 2, -tinui, -tentus; so 
obtineo, retineo, sustineo. 
pertineo, 2, -tinui. 
timeo, 2, timui. 
tollo, 3, (sustuli, sublatus). 
tondeo, 2, totondi, tonsus. 
torreo, 2, torrui, tostus. 
traho, 3, traxi, tractus; so de- 


traho. 

tribuo, 38, tribui, tributus; so 
attribuo. 

trudo, 3, trusi, trusus; so 
extrudo. 


tueor, 2, tuitus sum; so intueor. 


ulciscor, 3, ultus sum. 
urgeo, 2, ursi. 
utor, 3, usus sum, 


valeo, 2, valui, valiturus. 

veho, 3, vexi, vectus ; so aveho, 
inveho. 

vello, 3, velli, vulsus; so con- 
vello, divello. 

vendo, 3, -didi, -ditus. 

venio, 4, veni, ventum (est); so 
evenio, pervenio, subvenio. 

circumvenio, 4, -veni, -ven- 

tus ; so convenio, invenio. 

verto, 3, verti, versus; so 
animadverto, averto, con- 
verto, everto, revertor (de- 
ponent; active in perfect 
tenses, except reversus). 

video, 2, vidi, visus; so pro- 
video. 

vigeo, 2, vigui. 

vinco, 3, vici, victus; so devinco. 

vivo, 3, vixi, victum (est). 

volo, velle, volui. 

voveo, 2, vovi, votus; so de- 
voveo. 


14 LATIN. 





A Latin Grammar. 


By Professor CHARLES E. BENNETT, Cornell University. 12mo, cloth, 
282 pages. Price, 80 cents. ‘ 
CY this book the essential facts of Latin Grammar are pre- 
sented within the smallest compass consistent with high 
scholarly standards. It covers not only the work of the pre- 
paratory school, but also that of the required courses in college 
and university. By omitting rare forms and syntactical usages 
found only in ante-classical and post-classical Latin, and by 
relegating to an Appendix theoretical and historical questions, 
it has been found possible to treat the subject with entire ade- 
quacy in the compass of 250 pages exclusive of Indexes. In 
the German schools, books of this scope fully meet the exacting 
demands of the entire gymnasial course, and the host of teachers 
who have tried Bennett’s Grammar find that they are materially 
helped by the absence of the mass of useless and irrelevant matter 
which forms the bulk of the older grammars. 


Appendix to Bennett's Latin Grammar. 


For university work. 12mo, cloth, 246 pages. Price, 80 cents. 


bs purpose of this book is to give such information regard- 
ing the history and development of the Latin language as 
experience has shown to be of service to advanced students. 

The subjects treated are the Latin Alphabet, Pronunciation, 
Hidden Quantity, Accent, Orthography, The Latin Sounds, 
Inflections, Adverbs and Prepositions, and Syntax. Of these 
subjects, those of Hidden Quantity, Inflections, and Syntax re- 
ceive special attention; and the results of recent investigation 
are set forth fully and clearly, but in compact form. 


Complete Edition. 


Latin Grammar and Appendix in one volume. Price, $1.25. 


LATIN. 15 





Latin Lessons. 


By Professor CHARLES E, BENNETT, of Cornell University. 16mo, 
cloth, 191 pages. Price, 70 cents. 


ROFESSOR BENNETT is a believer in the old-fashioned 
method of beginning Latin, that is, learning the forms first, 
learning them in order, and learning them once and forall. The 
Latin Lessons is a book ‘that sends the beginner directly to the 
grammar for forms and rules, taking them up in their regular 
order. Complete sentences are found in the very first lesson, 
and easy stories are introduced as soon as the pupil has learned 
enough grammar, in the regular order, to read them. Teachers 
who believe in the method of “ resolute, systematic, and sustained 
attack on declensions and conjugations ” will find Professor Ben- 
nett’s new book admirably suited to help them in their work. 
A. L. K. Volkmann, VolAmann School, Boston, Mass.: 1 like Bennett's 


Latin Lessons very much. You are getting somewhere, and you know 
what you have got, and you get the wole thing, which is the main point. 


The Foundations of Latin. 


A book for Beginners. Revised Edition. By Professor C. E. BENNETT, 
of Cornell University. 12mo, cloth, 250 pages. Price, go cents. 
HIS book presents the matter for the beginner in Latin in 
sixty chapters, the first thirty-five devoted almost entirely 
to inflections, the remaining twenty-five to syntax, both subjects 
being treated in the order in which they are usually found in the 
grammar. Such rules of syntax as are needed for reading and 
writing simple sentences are given in the earliest lessons, so that 
the pupil has constant drill on the forms while acquiring them ; 
but the systematic study of general syntax is postponed till the 
pupil shali have mastered the forms. The book serves equally 
well as an introduction to Caesar or Nepos. 


Dr. R. M. Jones, Penn Charter School, Philadelphia, Pa.: We have adopted 
Bennett's Foundations of Latin. It is the best book of its class. 

George D. Bartlett, Pratt Institute, Brooklyn, N.Y.: 1 have used a great 
many introductory Latin books, and have found none so Satisfactory as 
Bennett's Foundations of Latin. 


18 LATIN. 





Cesar’s Gallic War. 


Revised Edition, with Indicated Quantities, Introduction, Notes, 
Vocabulary, Table of Idioms, Key to the English Pronunciation of 
Proper Names, Illustrations, and Maps. Edited by Professor FRANCIS 
W. KELSEY, University of Michigan, r12mo, half leather, 584 pages. 
Price, $1.25. 

ies this revised edition many changes and additions have been 
made, rendering the book, without question, the best- 

equipped text of Casar’s Gallic War published for school use. 

The Introduction and Notes have been rewritten, the Vocab- 
ulary enlarged, a Key to the English Pronunciation of Proper 
Names added, several plans replaced, and the Table of Idioms, 
so valuable to beginners for drill on syntax is retained. The 
Notes have references to Bennett, Allen and Greenough, and 
Harkness (Complete Edition). 

The Text has been reprinted from new plates which are cast 
from type larger than that used in the old book. The most 
important change in this new edition is the marking of the long 
vowels. This has been done in the belief that if pupils are 
taught to pronounce accurately in the first years of their Latin 
reading, and have enough practice in pronouncing, they wih 
hardly experience difficulty afterward. 

Two editions of the Text only, one with and one without 
marked quantities, have been prepared, and either of these will 
be furnished free to schools using the book. 

William F. Bradbury, Principal of Latin School, Cambridge, Mass.: It is 

a work of art in every respect. 


Dr. Richard M. Jones, Head-Master William Penn Charter School, Phila- 
delphia, Pa. : 1 congratulate you, as the first in this country to embody the 
modern idea of a school edition of Czesar, upon your pluck in determin- 
ing to retain your place at the head of the Cesar column, and upon the 
resources and enterprise which will enable you to stay there. I have, 
therefore, taken great pleasure in placing the book upon our order list for 
next autumn, 


James B. Smiley, West High School, Cleveland, O.: In its revised form 
Kelsey's Caesar seems to me to be the best edition which we have. The 


typography is excellent and the marking of long vowels is an added im 
provement, 


LATIN. 19 


Selected Orations and Letters of Cicero. 


With Introduction, Notes, and Vocabulary by Professor FRANCIS W. 
KELSEY. 12m0o, half leather, 522 pages. Illustrated. Price, $1.25. 
HE Orations given in this edition are the four against Cati- 
line, those for the Manilian Law, Archias, Marcellus, and 
the fourth oration against Antony. These are edited with a 
view to showing their value as examples of oratory, rather thaa 
as offering mere material for grammatical drill. The student's 
attention is directed to the occasion and circumstances of their 
delivery, as well as to the motive and method of presenting the 
matter contained in them. Modes of legal procedure, the Con- 
stitution and form of government in Cicero’s time, and the whole 
environment of the orator, are brought into clear view, and made 
a reality to the student. 

The Letters are selected with reference to the light they shed 
on Cicero as a man rather than as a politician. They afford 
pleasant glimpses of his private life, and help to make real the 
pupil’s conception of the times in which he lived. As material 
for short exercises for sight translation or rapid reading they 
will be found of special value. 

A Table of Idioms and Phrases presents, in form convenient 
for use, constructions that deserve special attention. 

The general introduction is divided into four parts. The first 
gives an account of Cicero as an orator, as a writer, and as a man. 
The second gives a summary of the orations, with the dates of 
their delivery and accounts of their causes and occasions. The 
third part is an essay on private correspondence among the 
Romans. The fourth part is an extremely useful tabular outline 
of the Roman government then existing. The notes contain 
references to the grammars of Bennett, Allen and Greenough, and 
Harkness (Standard Edition). 

S. F. Cutler, Mixed High School, New York City: 1 can hardly speak too 
highly of Kelsey’s Cicero. Itis superior to any other edition that I have seen. 


Professor J. E. Goodrich, University of Vermont: 1 do not see that any- 
thing has been omitted which such a text-book should supply. I shall be 
pleased to recommend it. 2 


20 LATIN. 





Selections from Ovid. 


With an Introduction, Notes, and Vocabulary by Professor FRANCIS 
W. KELSEY. Illustrated. 12mo, half leather, 453 pages. Price, $1.25. 
HIS volume has been prepared with especial reference to the 
needs of students who begin the reading of Latin poetry 
with Ovid. The selections, with a few exceptions, are short and 
complete inthemselves. It is hoped that a considerable number 
of them will be found suitable for sight reading. In some cases 
the length of the more extended passages has been reduced by 
the omission of lines or passages of unusual difficulty or unequal 
interest. The text follows the readings of Riese or Merkel, with 
the change of a word or two occasionally to make the beginning 
of a selection more intelligible in the absence of the context. 
As in the editions of Caesar and Cicero by the same editor, no 
pains have been spared to make the book pleasing to the eye 
and useful to the student. 


William C. Collar, Head Master, Latin School, Roxbury, Mass.: 1am glad to 
see an edition containing so good and so varied a collection from Ovid's 
writings. The book seems to me to be a very conscientious piece of 
work, and I am particularly pleased with the frequent and happy quota- 
tions, in the notes, of passages from English poets. 


Outline of Greek and Roman Mythology. 


By Professor FRANCIS W. KELSEY. I2mo, paper, 40 pages. Price, 
20 cents. 


HIS is a brief but systematic outline of Greek and Roman 

Mythology, with a list of reference books. It is useful 

either as a help to students of classical literature, or as a starting 
point for the study of classic mythology. 


Fifty Topics in Roman Antiquities. 
By Professor FRANCIS W. KELSEY. I2mo, paper, IorI pages. Price, 
50 cents. 
HESE “ Topics with References ” are printed for convenience 
in assigning work in Roman Antiquities to university Latin 
Students. 


LATIN. 21 





Sallust’s Catiline. 


Edited by JARED W. SCUDDER, of the Albany Academy, N.Y. 
12mo, cloth, 245 pages. Price, $1.00. 
HE fact that Sallust’s Bel/uwm Catilinae properly introduces 
Cicero’s Orations against Catiline is becoming more and 
more widely recognized. This edition has been prepared with a 
view to enabling the pupil to get every possible benefit from such 
an introduction, not only through the valuable notes and explan- 
atory matter, but particularly through the quotation, at the bottom 
of the pages, of parallel passages from Cicero. In the notes and 
vocabulary these passages are treated as the text. This feature 
adds to the book real value, as well as interest, for it gives the 
pupil opportunity to compare the two authors in points of style 
and syntax. The quantities are marked, and the notes, vecabu- 
lary, and introductory matter are clear, comprehensive, and help- 
ful. The book includes a collection of Sallust’s epigrams. 


A Supplementary Latin Composition. 


By Professor H. C. NUTTING, of the University of California. 16mo, 
cloth, 67 pages. Price, 40 cents. 
HIS manual is designed, not to take the place of books based 
on the old methods of Latin composition, but to supplement 
them. Each of the six Parts of the book gives the student a 
chance to illustrate at least once all the points outlined in the 
grammatical introduction, thus providing for six complete exami- 
nations on the essential principles of Latin grammar. The order 
in which the principles occur varies from Part to Part, as does 
also the guise in which they appear, in order that the student 
may recognize them on their own merits. 


Advanced Latin Composition. 


By Professor H. C. NUTTING, of the University of California, 16mo, 
cloth. Ready in December, 1904. 


28 LATIN 


College Latin Series. 


ODES AND EPODES OF HORACE. 
Edited by Professor CHARLES E. BENNETT, of Cornell University. 
12mo, cloth, 464 pages. Price, $1.40. 

SATIRES AND EPISTLES OF HORACE. 
Edited by Professor JOHN C, ROLFE, of the University of Pennsylvania, 
12mo, cloth, 458 pages. Price, $1.40. 

COMPLETE WORKS OF HORACE. 
Edited by Professors BENNETT and ROLFE. t2mo, cloth, 922 pages. 
Price, $2.00. ; 

In these volumes each poem is preceded by a careful analysis 
giving in a line or two all necessary information regarding the 
subject, date,and metre. Each volume is prefaced by a scholarly 
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guage. The commentary is concise, accurate, and eminently 
judicious, in all cases telling the student all he needs to know, 
and never telling him more than he needs, or more than he will 
understand and appreciate. 


THE DIALOGUS OF TACITUS. 
With an Introduction and Notes by Professor ALFRED GUDEMAN, 
12mo, cloth, 201 pages. Price, $1.00. 

THE AGRICOLA OF- TACITUS. 
With an Introduction and Notes by Professor ALFRED GUDEMAN. 
1z2mo, cloth, 198 pages. Price, $1.00. 

THE AGRICOLA AND GERMANIA OF TACITUS. 
With Maps, Introduction, and Notes, by Professor ALFRED GUDE- 
MAN. I2mo, cloth, 366 pages. Price, $1.40. 

In the Dialogus is a scholarly discussion of the authorship of 
the treatise. The Introduction of the Agrzcola covers the “ Life 
and Writings of Tacitus,” “The Literary Character of the Agric- 
ola,” and “ The Style and Rhetoric of Tacitus.” This introduc- 
tion is reprinted in the Agricola and Germania, which contains 
also an introduction to the Germania, and two valuable maps, 
one of the British Isles, for the Agvzcola, and the other of Europe, 
with both ancient and modern names, for the Germania. 


LATIN. 29 


College Latin Series. Continued. 


THE ANDRIA OF TERENCE. 
With Introduction and Notes by Professor HENRY R. FAIRCLOUGH, of 
Leland Stanford Junior University. 12mo, cloth, 266 pages. Price, $1.25. 


The introduction deals in a thorough yet concise fashion with 
the Development of Roman Comedy, the Plot of the Andria, the 
Characters of the Andria, Dramatic Entertainments, the Division 
of Plays into Acts and Scenes, Actors and their Costume, the 
Theatre, Prosody, Metres and Music, and the Language. The 
notes are carefully adapted to college and university work. 


‘THE CAPTIVI OF PLAUTUS. 
With Introduction and Notes by Professor H. C. ELMER, of Cornell 
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SELECTED LETTERS OF PLINY. 


With an Introduction and Notes by Professor J. H. WESTCOTT, of 
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The Introduction contains a Life of Pliny, a discussion of Pliny’s 
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HANDBOOK OF LATIN INSCRIPTIONS. 


By W. M. LinDsay, M.A., Fellow of Jesus College, Oxford. 16mo, 
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The author states very clearly some of the principles of form 
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ROMAN CONSTITUTIONAL HISTORY. 
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The political institutions of Rome are treated historically so as 
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30 LATIN. 


College Latin Series. Continued. 


TOPOGRAPHY AND MONUMENTS OF ANCIENT ROME. 
By Professor S. B. PLATNER, Western Reserve University. 8vo, cloth, 
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THE MOSTELLARIA OF PLAUTUS. 
With Introduction and Notes by Professor EDWIN W. FAY, of the 
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The introduction contains a comprehensive analysis of the ver- 
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style. The notes are designedly full; in translating they aim to 
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LIVY: BOOKS I, XXI, AND XXII. 


Edited by Professor J. H. WeESTCOTT, of Princeton University, In- 
troduction, Notes, and six Maps. t12mo, cloth, 463 pages. Revised 
edition of 1904. Price, $1.25. 

In this revision the Notes have been entirely recast, and the 
editor, while aiming to preserve the original character of the 
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during the last fifteen years. The Introduction discusses Livy’s 
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SELECTIONS FROM SUETONIUS. 
Introduction and Notes by Professor JOSEPH B, PIKE, of the University 
of Minnesota. t12mo, cloth, 340 pages. Price, $1.25. 

This edition contains the Lives of Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, 
and Nero. The Introduction gives an adequate discussion of the 
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT LOS ANGELES 
THE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 


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